compiler/rustc_attr_parsing/src/attributes/mod.rs

//! Traits for parsing attributes.
//!
//! This module defines traits for attribute parsers, little state machines that recognize and parse
//! attributes out of a longer list of attributes. The main trait is called [`AttributeParser`].
//! You can find more docs about [`AttributeParser`]s on the trait itself.
//! However, for many types of attributes, implementing [`AttributeParser`] is not necessary.
//! It allows for a lot of flexibility you might not want.
//!
//! Specifically, you might not care about managing the state of your [`AttributeParser`]
//! state machine yourself. In this case you can choose to implement:
//!
//! - [`NoArgsAttributeParser`]: used for implementing an attribute that appears only once and
//! accepts no arguments
//! - [`SingleAttributeParser`]: makes it easy to implement an attribute which should error if it
//! appears more than once in a list of attributes
//! - [`CombineAttributeParser`]: makes it easy to implement an attribute which should combine the
//! contents of attributes, if an attribute appear multiple times in a list
//!
//! Attributes should be added to `crate::context::ATTRIBUTE_PARSERS` to be parsed.

use std::marker::PhantomData;

use rustc_feature::AttributeStability;
use rustc_hir::attrs::AttributeKind;
use rustc_span::edition::Edition;
use rustc_span::{Span, Symbol};
use thin_vec::ThinVec;

use crate::context::{AcceptContext, FinalizeCheckContext, FinalizeCheckFn, FinalizeContext};
use crate::parser::ArgParser;
use crate::session_diagnostics::UnusedMultiple;
use crate::target_checking::AllowedTargets;
use crate::{AttributeTemplate, template};

/// All the parsers require roughly the same imports, so this prelude has most of the often-needed ones.
mod prelude;

pub(crate) mod allow_unstable;
pub(crate) mod autodiff;
pub(crate) mod body;
pub(crate) mod cfg;
pub(crate) mod cfg_select;
pub(crate) mod cfi_encoding;
pub(crate) mod codegen_attrs;
pub(crate) mod confusables;
pub(crate) mod crate_level;
pub(crate) mod debugger;
pub(crate) mod deprecation;
pub(crate) mod diagnostic;
pub(crate) mod doc;
pub(crate) mod dummy;
pub(crate) mod inline;
pub(crate) mod instruction_set;
pub(crate) mod link_attrs;
pub(crate) mod lint_helpers;
pub(crate) mod loop_match;
pub(crate) mod macro_attrs;
pub(crate) mod must_not_suspend;
pub(crate) mod must_use;
pub(crate) mod no_implicit_prelude;
pub(crate) mod no_link;
pub(crate) mod non_exhaustive;
pub(crate) mod path;
pub(crate) mod pin_v2;
pub(crate) mod proc_macro_attrs;
pub(crate) mod prototype;
pub(crate) mod repr;
pub(crate) mod rustc_allocator;
pub(crate) mod rustc_dump;
pub(crate) mod rustc_internal;
pub(crate) mod semantics;
pub(crate) mod splat;
pub(crate) mod stability;
pub(crate) mod test_attrs;
pub(crate) mod traits;
pub(crate) mod transparency;
pub(crate) mod unroll;
pub(crate) mod util;

type AcceptFn<T> = for<'sess> fn(&mut T, &mut AcceptContext<'_, 'sess>, &ArgParser);
type AcceptMapping<T> =
    &'static [(&'static [Symbol], AttributeTemplate, AttributeStability, AcceptFn<T>)];

/// An [`AttributeParser`] is a type which searches for syntactic attributes.
///
/// Parsers are often tiny state machines that gets to see all syntactical attributes on an item.
/// [`Default::default`] creates a fresh instance that sits in some kind of initial state, usually that the
/// attribute it is looking for was not yet seen.
///
/// Then, it defines what paths this group will accept in [`AttributeParser::ATTRIBUTES`].
/// These are listed as pairs, of symbols and function pointers. The function pointer will
/// be called when that attribute is found on an item, which can influence the state of the little
/// state machine.
///
/// Finally, after all attributes on an item have been seen, and possibly been accepted,
/// the [`finalize`](AttributeParser::finalize) functions for all attribute parsers are called. Each can then report
/// whether it has seen the attribute it has been looking for.
///
/// The state machine is automatically reset to parse attributes on the next item.
///
/// For a simpler attribute parsing interface, consider using [`SingleAttributeParser`]
/// or [`CombineAttributeParser`] instead.
pub(crate) trait AttributeParser: Default + 'static {
    /// The symbols for the attributes that this parser is interested in.
    ///
    /// If an attribute has this symbol, the `accept` function will be called on it.
    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self>;
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_>;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Normal;

    /// The parser has gotten a chance to accept the attributes on an item,
    /// here it can produce an attribute.
    ///
    /// All finalize methods of all parsers are unconditionally called.
    /// This means you can't unconditionally return `Some` here,
    /// that'd be equivalent to unconditionally applying an attribute to
    /// every single syntax item that could have attributes applied to it.
    /// Your accept mappings should determine whether this returns something.
    fn finalize(self, cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_>) -> Option<AttributeKind>;

    /// If this parser produced an attribute, optionally returns a cross-attribute check
    /// to run once *all* attributes on the item have been finalized, together with the
    /// span it should be reported at.
    ///
    /// Running after finalization means the check can inspect the fully parsed attributes
    /// via [`FinalizeCheckContext::parsed_attrs`], which are not yet all available during
    /// [`finalize`](Self::finalize). This is queried right before `finalize` consumes the
    /// parser state.
    ///
    /// Defaults to no check.
    fn deferred_finalize_check(&self) -> Option<(FinalizeCheckFn, Span)> {
        None
    }
}

/// Alternative to [`AttributeParser`] that automatically handles state management.
/// A slightly simpler and more restricted way to convert attributes.
/// Assumes that an attribute can only appear a single time on an item,
/// and errors when it sees more.
///
/// [`Single<T> where T: SingleAttributeParser`](Single) implements [`AttributeParser`].
///
/// [`SingleAttributeParser`] can only convert attributes one-to-one, and cannot combine multiple
/// attributes together like is necessary for `#[stable()]` and `#[unstable()]` for example.
pub(crate) trait SingleAttributeParser: 'static {
    /// The single path of the attribute this parser accepts.
    ///
    /// If you need the parser to accept more than one path, use [`AttributeParser`] instead
    const PATH: &[Symbol];

    /// Configures what to do when when the same attribute is
    /// applied more than once on the same syntax node.
    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate = OnDuplicate::Error;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Normal;
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability;

    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_>;

    /// The template this attribute parser should implement. Used for diagnostics.
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate;

    /// Converts a single syntactical attribute to a single semantic attribute, or [`AttributeKind`]
    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>, args: &ArgParser) -> Option<AttributeKind>;

    /// Optional cross-attribute validation, run once *after* all attributes on the item
    /// have been finalized. Unlike [`convert`](Self::convert), this has access to the
    /// sibling attributes via [`FinalizeCheckContext::all_attrs`] and the fully parsed
    /// attributes via [`FinalizeCheckContext::parsed_attrs`], so it can reject incompatible
    /// combinations. `attr_span` is the span of this attribute.
    ///
    /// Defaults to a no-op.
    fn finalize_check(_cx: &FinalizeCheckContext<'_, '_>, _attr_span: Span) {}
}

/// Use in combination with [`SingleAttributeParser`].
/// `Single<T: SingleAttributeParser>` implements [`AttributeParser`].
pub(crate) struct Single<T: SingleAttributeParser>(PhantomData<T>, Option<(AttributeKind, Span)>);

impl<T: SingleAttributeParser> Default for Single<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(Default::default(), Default::default())
    }
}

impl<T: SingleAttributeParser> AttributeParser for Single<T> {
    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> = &[(
        T::PATH,
        <T as SingleAttributeParser>::TEMPLATE,
        T::STABILITY,
        |group: &mut Single<T>, cx, args| {
            if let Some(pa) = T::convert(cx, args) {
                if let Some((_, used)) = group.1 {
                    T::ON_DUPLICATE.exec::<T>(cx, used, cx.attr_span);
                } else {
                    group.1 = Some((pa, cx.attr_span));
                }
            }
        },
    )];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = T::ALLOWED_TARGETS;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = T::SAFETY;

    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let (kind, _span) = self.1?;
        Some(kind)
    }

    fn deferred_finalize_check(&self) -> Option<(FinalizeCheckFn, Span)> {
        let (_, span) = self.1.as_ref()?;
        Some((<T as SingleAttributeParser>::finalize_check, *span))
    }
}

pub(crate) enum OnDuplicate {
    /// Give a default warning
    Warn,

    /// Duplicates will be a warning, with a note that this will be an error in the future.
    WarnButFutureError,

    /// Give a default error
    Error,

    /// Ignore duplicates
    Ignore,

    /// Custom function called when a duplicate attribute is found.
    ///
    /// - `unused` is the span of the attribute that was unused or bad because of some
    ///   duplicate reason
    /// - `used` is the span of the attribute that was used in favor of the unused attribute
    Custom(fn(cx: &AcceptContext<'_, '_>, used: Span, unused: Span)),
}

impl OnDuplicate {
    fn exec<P: SingleAttributeParser>(
        &self,
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
        used: Span,
        unused: Span,
    ) {
        match self {
            OnDuplicate::Warn => cx.warn_unused_duplicate(used, unused),
            OnDuplicate::WarnButFutureError => cx.warn_unused_duplicate_future_error(used, unused),
            OnDuplicate::Error => {
                cx.emit_err(UnusedMultiple {
                    this: unused,
                    other: used,
                    name: Symbol::intern(
                        &P::PATH.iter().map(|i| i.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>().join(".."),
                    ),
                });
            }
            OnDuplicate::Ignore => {}
            OnDuplicate::Custom(f) => f(cx, used, unused),
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Debug)]
pub enum AttributeSafety {
    /// Normal attribute that does not need `#[unsafe(...)]`
    Normal,
    /// Unsafe attribute that requires safety obligations to be discharged.
    ///
    /// An error is emitted when `#[unsafe(...)]` is omitted, except when the attribute's edition
    /// is less than the one stored in `unsafe_since`. This handles attributes that were safe in
    /// earlier editions, but become unsafe in later ones.
    Unsafe {
        /// The `note` is emitted during the `unsafe_code`, and explains to the user why this attribute is unsafe.
        note: &'static str,
        unsafe_since: Option<Edition>,
    },
}

/// An even simpler version of [`SingleAttributeParser`]:
/// now automatically check that there are no arguments provided to the attribute.
///
/// [`WithoutArgs<T> where T: NoArgsAttributeParser`](WithoutArgs) implements [`SingleAttributeParser`].
//
pub(crate) trait NoArgsAttributeParser: 'static {
    const PATH: &[Symbol];
    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate = OnDuplicate::Error;
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_>;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Normal;
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability;

    /// Create the [`AttributeKind`] given attribute's [`Span`].
    const CREATE: fn(Span) -> AttributeKind;

    /// Optional cross-attribute validation, run once *after* all attributes on the item
    /// have been finalized. Has access to the sibling attributes via
    /// [`FinalizeCheckContext::all_attrs`] and the fully parsed attributes via
    /// [`FinalizeCheckContext::parsed_attrs`], so it can reject incompatible combinations.
    /// `attr_span` is the span of this attribute.
    ///
    /// Defaults to a no-op.
    fn finalize_check(_cx: &FinalizeCheckContext<'_, '_>, _attr_span: Span) {}
}

pub(crate) struct WithoutArgs<T: NoArgsAttributeParser>(PhantomData<T>);

impl<T: NoArgsAttributeParser> Default for WithoutArgs<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self(Default::default())
    }
}

impl<T: NoArgsAttributeParser> SingleAttributeParser for WithoutArgs<T> {
    const PATH: &[Symbol] = T::PATH;
    const ON_DUPLICATE: OnDuplicate = T::ON_DUPLICATE;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = T::SAFETY;
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability = T::STABILITY;
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = T::ALLOWED_TARGETS;
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate = template!(Word);

    fn convert(cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>, args: &ArgParser) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let _ = cx.expect_no_args(args);
        Some(T::CREATE(cx.attr_span))
    }

    fn finalize_check(cx: &FinalizeCheckContext<'_, '_>, attr_span: Span) {
        T::finalize_check(cx, attr_span)
    }
}

type ConvertFn<E> = fn(ThinVec<E>, Span) -> AttributeKind;

/// Alternative to [`AttributeParser`] that automatically handles state management.
/// If multiple attributes appear on an element, combines the values of each into a
/// [`ThinVec`].
/// [`Combine<T> where T: CombineAttributeParser`](Combine) implements [`AttributeParser`].
///
/// [`CombineAttributeParser`] can only convert a single kind of attribute, and cannot combine multiple
/// attributes together like is necessary for `#[stable()]` and `#[unstable()]` for example.
pub(crate) trait CombineAttributeParser: 'static {
    const PATH: &[rustc_span::Symbol];

    type Item;
    /// A function that converts individual items (of type [`Item`](Self::Item)) into the final attribute.
    ///
    /// For example, individual representations from `#[repr(...)]` attributes into an `AttributeKind::Repr(x)`,
    ///  where `x` is a vec of these individual reprs.
    const CONVERT: ConvertFn<Self::Item>;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = AttributeSafety::Normal;
    const STABILITY: AttributeStability;

    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_>;

    /// The template this attribute parser should implement. Used for diagnostics.
    const TEMPLATE: AttributeTemplate;

    /// Converts a single syntactical attribute to a number of elements of the semantic attribute, or [`AttributeKind`]
    fn extend(
        cx: &mut AcceptContext<'_, '_>,
        args: &ArgParser,
    ) -> impl IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>;

    /// Optional cross-attribute validation, run once *after* all attributes on the item
    /// have been finalized. Has access to the sibling attributes via
    /// [`FinalizeCheckContext::all_attrs`] and the fully parsed attributes via
    /// [`FinalizeCheckContext::parsed_attrs`], so it can reject incompatible combinations.
    /// `attr_span` is the span of the first attribute that was encountered.
    ///
    /// Defaults to a no-op.
    fn finalize_check(_cx: &FinalizeCheckContext<'_, '_>, _attr_span: Span) {}
}

/// Use in combination with [`CombineAttributeParser`].
/// `Combine<T: CombineAttributeParser>` implements [`AttributeParser`].
pub(crate) struct Combine<T: CombineAttributeParser> {
    phantom: PhantomData<T>,
    /// A list of all items produced by parsing attributes so far. One attribute can produce any amount of items.
    items: ThinVec<<T as CombineAttributeParser>::Item>,
    /// The full span of the first attribute that was encountered.
    first_span: Option<Span>,
}

impl<T: CombineAttributeParser> Default for Combine<T> {
    fn default() -> Self {
        Self {
            phantom: Default::default(),
            items: Default::default(),
            first_span: Default::default(),
        }
    }
}

impl<T: CombineAttributeParser> AttributeParser for Combine<T> {
    const ATTRIBUTES: AcceptMapping<Self> =
        &[(T::PATH, T::TEMPLATE, T::STABILITY, |group: &mut Combine<T>, cx, args| {
            // Keep track of the span of the first attribute, for diagnostics
            group.first_span.get_or_insert(cx.attr_span);
            group.items.extend(T::extend(cx, args))
        })];
    const ALLOWED_TARGETS: AllowedTargets<'_> = T::ALLOWED_TARGETS;
    const SAFETY: AttributeSafety = T::SAFETY;

    fn finalize(self, _cx: &FinalizeContext<'_, '_>) -> Option<AttributeKind> {
        let first_span = self.first_span?;
        Some(T::CONVERT(self.items, first_span))
    }

    fn deferred_finalize_check(&self) -> Option<(FinalizeCheckFn, Span)> {
        Some((<T as CombineAttributeParser>::finalize_check, self.first_span?))
    }
}