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| <main> |
| <h1 id="testing-the-compiler"><a class="header" href="#testing-the-compiler">Testing the compiler</a></h1> |
| <p>The Rust project runs a wide variety of different tests, orchestrated by the |
| build system (<code>./x test</code>). This section gives a brief overview of the different |
| testing tools. Subsequent chapters dive into <a href="running.html">running tests</a> and |
| <a href="adding.html">adding new tests</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="kinds-of-tests"><a class="header" href="#kinds-of-tests">Kinds of tests</a></h2> |
| <p>There are several kinds of tests to exercise things in the Rust distribution. |
| Almost all of them are driven by <code>./x test</code>, with some exceptions noted below.</p> |
| <h3 id="compiletest"><a class="header" href="#compiletest">Compiletest</a></h3> |
| <p>The main test harness for testing the compiler itself is a tool called |
| <a href="compiletest.html">compiletest</a>.</p> |
| <p><a href="compiletest.html">compiletest</a> supports running different styles of tests, organized into <em>test |
| suites</em>. A <em>test mode</em> may provide common presets/behavior for a set of <em>test |
| suites</em>. <a href="compiletest.html">compiletest</a>-supported tests are located in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/HEAD/tests"><code>tests</code></a> directory.</p> |
| <p>The <a href="compiletest.html">Compiletest chapter</a> goes into detail on how to use this tool.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Example: <code>./x test tests/ui</code></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h3 id="package-tests"><a class="header" href="#package-tests">Package tests</a></h3> |
| <p>The standard library and many of the compiler packages include typical Rust |
| <code>#[test]</code> unit tests, integration tests, and documentation tests. You can pass a |
| path to <code>./x test</code> for almost any package in the <code>library/</code> or <code>compiler/</code> |
| directory, and <code>x</code> will essentially run <code>cargo test</code> on that package.</p> |
| <p>Examples:</p> |
| <div class="table-wrapper"> |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr><td><code>./x test library/std</code></td><td>Runs tests on <code>std</code> only</td></tr> |
| <tr><td><code>./x test library/core</code></td><td>Runs tests on <code>core</code> only</td></tr> |
| <tr><td><code>./x test compiler/rustc_data_structures</code></td><td>Runs tests on <code>rustc_data_structures</code></td></tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <p>The standard library relies very heavily on documentation tests to cover its |
| functionality. However, unit tests and integration tests can also be used as |
| needed. Almost all of the compiler packages have doctests disabled.</p> |
| <p>All standard library and compiler unit tests are placed in separate <code>tests</code> file |
| (which is enforced in <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/HEAD/src/tools/tidy/src/unit_tests.rs">tidy</a>). This ensures that when the test |
| file is changed, the crate does not need to be recompiled. For example:</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-rust ignore">#[cfg(test)] |
| mod tests;</code></pre> |
| <p>If it wasn’t done this way, and you were working on something like <code>core</code>, that |
| would require recompiling the entire standard library, and the entirety of |
| <code>rustc</code>.</p> |
| <p><code>./x test</code> includes some CLI options for controlling the behavior with these |
| package tests:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li><code>--doc</code> — Only runs documentation tests in the package.</li> |
| <li><code>--no-doc</code> — Run all tests <em>except</em> documentation tests.</li> |
| </ul> |
| <h3 id="tidy"><a class="header" href="#tidy">Tidy</a></h3> |
| <p>Tidy is a custom tool used for validating source code style and formatting |
| conventions, such as rejecting long lines. There is more information in the |
| <a href="../conventions.html#formatting">section on coding conventions</a> or the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/HEAD/src/tools/tidy/Readme.md">Tidy Readme</a>.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Examples: <code>./x test tidy</code></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h3 id="formatting"><a class="header" href="#formatting">Formatting</a></h3> |
| <p>Rustfmt is integrated with the build system to enforce uniform style across the |
| compiler. The formatting check is automatically run by the Tidy tool mentioned |
| above.</p> |
| <p>Examples:</p> |
| <div class="table-wrapper"> |
| <table> |
| <thead> |
| <tr><th>Command</th><th>Description</th></tr> |
| </thead> |
| <tbody> |
| <tr><td><code>./x fmt --check</code></td><td>Checks formatting and exits with an error if formatting is needed.</td></tr> |
| <tr><td><code>./x fmt</code></td><td>Runs rustfmt across the entire codebase.</td></tr> |
| <tr><td><code>./x test tidy --bless</code></td><td>First runs rustfmt to format the codebase, then runs tidy checks.</td></tr> |
| </tbody> |
| </table> |
| </div> |
| <h3 id="book-documentation-tests"><a class="header" href="#book-documentation-tests">Book documentation tests</a></h3> |
| <p>All of the books that are published have their own tests, primarily for |
| validating that the Rust code examples pass. Under the hood, these are |
| essentially using <code>rustdoc --test</code> on the markdown files. The tests can be run |
| by passing a path to a book to <code>./x test</code>.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Example: <code>./x test src/doc/book</code></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <h3 id="documentation-link-checker"><a class="header" href="#documentation-link-checker">Documentation link checker</a></h3> |
| <p>Links across all documentation is validated with a link checker tool, |
| and it can be invoked so:</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-console">./x test linkchecker |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>This requires building all of the documentation, which might take a while.</p> |
| <h3 id="distcheck"><a class="header" href="#distcheck"><code>distcheck</code></a></h3> |
| <p><code>distcheck</code> verifies that the source distribution tarball created by the build |
| system will unpack, build, and run all tests.</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-console">./x test distcheck |
| </code></pre> |
| <h3 id="tool-tests"><a class="header" href="#tool-tests">Tool tests</a></h3> |
| <p>Packages that are included with Rust have all of their tests run as well. This |
| includes things such as cargo, clippy, rustfmt, miri, bootstrap (testing the |
| Rust build system itself), etc.</p> |
| <p>Most of the tools are located in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/tree/HEAD/src/tools/"><code>src/tools</code></a> directory. To run the tool’s |
| tests, just pass its path to <code>./x test</code>.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Example: <code>./x test src/tools/cargo</code></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <p>Usually these tools involve running <code>cargo test</code> within the tool’s directory.</p> |
| <p>If you want to run only a specified set of tests, append <code>--test-args FILTER_NAME</code> to the command.</p> |
| <blockquote> |
| <p>Example: <code>./x test src/tools/miri --test-args padding</code></p> |
| </blockquote> |
| <p>In CI, some tools are allowed to fail. Failures send notifications to the |
| corresponding teams, and is tracked on the <a href="https://rust-lang-nursery.github.io/rust-toolstate/">toolstate website</a>. More information |
| can be found in the <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/infra/toolstate.html">toolstate documentation</a>.</p> |
| <h3 id="ecosystem-testing"><a class="header" href="#ecosystem-testing">Ecosystem testing</a></h3> |
| <p>Rust tests integration with real-world code to catch regressions and make |
| informed decisions about the evolution of the language. There are several kinds |
| of ecosystem tests, including Crater. See the <a href="ecosystem.html">Ecosystem testing |
| chapter</a> for more details.</p> |
| <h3 id="performance-testing"><a class="header" href="#performance-testing">Performance testing</a></h3> |
| <p>A separate infrastructure is used for testing and tracking performance of the |
| compiler. See the <a href="perf.html">Performance testing chapter</a> for more details.</p> |
| <h3 id="codegen-backend-testing"><a class="header" href="#codegen-backend-testing">Codegen backend testing</a></h3> |
| <p>See <a href="./codegen-backend-tests/intro.html">Codegen backend testing</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="miscellaneous-information"><a class="header" href="#miscellaneous-information">Miscellaneous information</a></h2> |
| <p>There are some other useful testing-related info at <a href="misc.html">Misc info</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="further-reading"><a class="header" href="#further-reading">Further reading</a></h2> |
| <p>The following blog posts may also be of interest:</p> |
| <ul> |
| <li>brson’s classic <a href="https://brson.github.io/2017/07/10/how-rust-is-tested">“How Rust is tested”</a></li> |
| </ul> |
| |
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