| /* Support routines for the intrinsic power (**) operator. | 
 |    Copyright (C) 2004-2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc. | 
 |    Contributed by Paul Brook | 
 |  | 
 | This file is part of the GNU Fortran 95 runtime library (libgfortran). | 
 |  | 
 | Libgfortran is free software; you can redistribute it and/or | 
 | modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public | 
 | License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either | 
 | version 3 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. | 
 |  | 
 | Libgfortran is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, | 
 | but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of | 
 | MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the | 
 | GNU General Public License for more details. | 
 |  | 
 | Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional | 
 | permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version | 
 | 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation. | 
 |  | 
 | You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and | 
 | a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program; | 
 | see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see | 
 | <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */ | 
 |  | 
 | #include "libgfortran.h" | 
 |  | 
 |  | 
 | /* Use Binary Method to calculate the powi. This is not an optimal but | 
 |    a simple and reasonable arithmetic. See section 4.6.3, "Evaluation of | 
 |    Powers" of Donald E. Knuth, "Seminumerical Algorithms", Vol. 2, "The Art | 
 |    of Computer Programming", 3rd Edition, 1998.  */ | 
 |  | 
 | #if defined (HAVE_GFC_COMPLEX_4) && defined (HAVE_GFC_INTEGER_8) | 
 |  | 
 | GFC_COMPLEX_4 pow_c4_i8 (GFC_COMPLEX_4 a, GFC_INTEGER_8 b); | 
 | export_proto(pow_c4_i8); | 
 |  | 
 | GFC_COMPLEX_4 | 
 | pow_c4_i8 (GFC_COMPLEX_4 a, GFC_INTEGER_8 b) | 
 | { | 
 |   GFC_COMPLEX_4 pow, x; | 
 |   GFC_INTEGER_8 n; | 
 |   GFC_UINTEGER_8 u; | 
 |    | 
 |   n = b; | 
 |   x = a; | 
 |   pow = 1; | 
 |   if (n != 0) | 
 |     { | 
 |       if (n < 0) | 
 | 	{ | 
 |  | 
 | 	  u = -n; | 
 | 	  x = pow / x; | 
 | 	} | 
 |       else | 
 | 	{ | 
 | 	   u = n; | 
 | 	} | 
 |       for (;;) | 
 | 	{ | 
 | 	  if (u & 1) | 
 | 	    pow *= x; | 
 | 	  u >>= 1; | 
 | 	  if (u) | 
 | 	    x *= x; | 
 | 	  else | 
 | 	    break; | 
 | 	} | 
 |     } | 
 |   return pow; | 
 | } | 
 |  | 
 | #endif |