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| <h1 id="release-process"><a class="header" href="#release-process">Release process</a></h1> |
| <p>Cargo is released with <code>rustc</code> using a <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/book/appendix-07-nightly-rust.html">“train model”</a>. After a |
| change lands in Cargo’s master branch, it will be synced with the |
| <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/">rust-lang/rust</a> repository by a Cargo team member, which happens about once a |
| week. If there are complications, it can take longer. After it is synced and |
| merged, the changes will appear in the next nightly release, which is usually |
| published around 00:30 UTC.</p> |
| <p>After changes are in the nightly release, they will make their way to the |
| stable release anywhere from 6 to 12 weeks later, depending on when during the |
| cycle it landed.</p> |
| <p>The current release schedule is posted on the <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/">Rust Forge</a>. See the <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/release/process.html">release |
| process</a> for more details on how Rust’s releases are created. Rust releases |
| are managed by the <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/governance/teams/operations#release">Release team</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="build-process"><a class="header" href="#build-process">Build process</a></h2> |
| <p>The build process for Cargo is handled as part of building Rust. Every PR on |
| the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/">rust-lang/rust</a> repository creates a full collection of release artifacts |
| for every platform. The code for this is in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/dist.rs"><code>dist</code> bootstrap module</a>. |
| Every night at 00:00 UTC, the artifacts from the most recently merged PR are |
| promoted to the nightly release channel. A similar process happens for beta |
| and stable releases.</p> |
| <h2 id="submodule-updates"><a class="header" href="#submodule-updates">Submodule updates</a></h2> |
| <p>Cargo is tracked in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/">rust-lang/rust</a> repository using a <a href="https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Tools-Submodules">git submodule</a>. |
| It is updated manually about once a week by a Cargo team member. |
| However, anyone is welcome to update it as needed.</p> |
| <p><a href="https://github.com/ehuss/">@ehuss</a> has a tool called <a href="https://github.com/ehuss/subup">subup</a> to automate the process of updating the submodule, updating the lockfile, running tests, and creating a PR. |
| Running the tests ahead-of-time helps avoid long cycle times waiting for bors if there are any errors. |
| Subup will also provide a message to include in the PR with a list of all PRs it covers. |
| Posting this in the PR message also helps create reference links on each Cargo PR to the submodule update PR to help track when it gets merged.</p> |
| <p>The following is an example of the command to run in a local clone of rust-lang/rust to run a certain set of tests of things that are likely to get broken by a Cargo update:</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-bash">subup --up-branch update-cargo \ |
| --commit-message "Update cargo" \ |
| --test="src/tools/linkchecker tidy \ |
| src/tools/cargo \ |
| src/tools/rustfmt" \ |
| src/tools/cargo |
| </code></pre> |
| <p>If doing a <a href="#beta-backports">beta backport</a>, the command is similar, but needs to point to the correct branches:</p> |
| <pre><code class="language-bash">subup --up-branch update-beta-cargo \ |
| --rust-branch beta \ |
| --set-config rust.channel=beta \ |
| --commit-message "[beta] Update cargo" \ |
| --test="src/tools/linkchecker tidy \ |
| src/tools/cargo \ |
| src/tools/rustfmt" \ |
| rust-1.66.0:src/tools/cargo |
| </code></pre> |
| <h2 id="version-updates"><a class="header" href="#version-updates">Version updates</a></h2> |
| <p>Shortly after each major release, a Cargo team member will post a PR to update |
| Cargo’s version in <code>Cargo.toml</code>. Cargo’s library is permanently unstable, so |
| its version number starts with a <code>0</code>. The minor version is always 1 greater |
| than the Rust release it is a part of, so cargo 0.49.0 is part of the 1.48 |
| Rust release. The <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/src/doc/src/CHANGELOG.md">CHANGELOG</a> is also usually updated at this time.</p> |
| <p>Also, any version-specific checks that are no longer needed can be removed. |
| For example, some tests are disabled on stable if they require some nightly |
| behavior. Once that behavior is available on the new stable release, the |
| checks are no longer necessary. (I usually search for the word “nightly” in |
| the testsuite directory, and read the comments to see if any of those nightly |
| checks can be removed.)</p> |
| <p>Sometimes Cargo will have a runtime check to probe <code>rustc</code> if it supports a |
| specific feature. This is usually stored in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/src/cargo/core/compiler/build_context/target_info.rs"><code>TargetInfo</code></a> struct. If this |
| behavior is now stable, those checks should be removed.</p> |
| <p>Cargo has several other packages in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/tree/master/crates"><code>crates/</code> directory</a>. If any of these |
| packages have changed, the version should be bumped <strong>before the beta |
| release</strong>. It is rare that these get updated. Bumping these as-needed helps |
| avoid churning incompatible version numbers. This process should be improved |
| in the future!</p> |
| <p><a href="https://github.com/ehuss/">@ehuss</a> has a tool called <a href="https://github.com/ehuss/cargo-new-release">cargo-new-release</a> to automate the process of doing a version bump. |
| It runs through several steps:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>Creates a branch</li> |
| <li>Updates the version numbers</li> |
| <li>Creates a changelog for anything on the master branch that is not part of beta</li> |
| <li>Creates a changelog for anything on the beta branch</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>It opens a browser tab for every PR in order to review each change. |
| It places each PR in the changelog with its title, but usually every PR should be rewritten to explain the change from the user’s perspective. |
| Each PR should also be categorized as an Addition, Change, Fix, or Nightly-only change. |
| Most PRs are deleted, since they are not relevant to users of Cargo. |
| For example, remove all PRs related to Cargo internals, infrastructure, documentation, error changes, refactorings, etc. |
| Usually about half of the PRs get removed. |
| This process usually takes @ehuss about an hour to finish.</p> |
| <h2 id="docs-publishing"><a class="header" href="#docs-publishing">Docs publishing</a></h2> |
| <p>Docs are automatically published during the Rust release process. The nightly |
| channel’s docs appear at <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/cargo/">https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/cargo/</a>. Once |
| nightly is promoted to beta, those docs will appear at |
| <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/cargo/">https://doc.rust-lang.org/beta/cargo/</a>. Once the stable release is made, it |
| will appear on <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/">https://doc.rust-lang.org/cargo/</a> (which is the “current” |
| stable) and the release-specific URL such as |
| <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.46.0/cargo/">https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.46.0/cargo/</a>.</p> |
| <p>The code that builds the documentation is located in the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/blob/master/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/doc.rs"><code>doc</code> bootstrap |
| module</a>.</p> |
| <h2 id="cratesio-publishing"><a class="header" href="#cratesio-publishing">crates.io publishing</a></h2> |
| <p>Cargo’s library and its related dependencies (like <code>cargo-util</code>) are published |
| to <a href="https://crates.io/">crates.io</a> as part of the 6-week stable release process by the <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/governance/teams/operations#release">Release |
| team</a>. The release process involves a series of steps:</p> |
| <ol> |
| <li>The Release team’s automation scripts (see <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/simpleinfra/">https://github.com/rust-lang/simpleinfra/</a>) will run <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/promote-release"><code>promote-release</code></a> which will create a tag in the <code>rust-lang/cargo</code> repository associated with the version of the cargo submodule for that release.</li> |
| <li>The creation of a tag will trigger the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/.github/workflows/release.yml">release workflow</a> in <code>rust-lang/cargo</code>.</li> |
| <li>The release workflow will run the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/blob/master/publish.py"><code>publish.py</code> script</a> on the commit associated with the tag.</li> |
| <li>The <code>publish.py</code> script will run <code>cargo publish</code> on any crates that are not already published.</li> |
| </ol> |
| <p>On very rare cases, the Cargo team may decide to manually publish a new |
| release to <a href="https://crates.io/">crates.io</a>. For example, this may be necessary if there is a |
| problem with the current version that only affects API users, and does not |
| affect the <code>cargo</code> binary shipped in the stable release. In this situation, |
| PRs should be merged to the associated stable release branch in the cargo repo |
| (like <code>rust-1.70.0</code>) that fix the issue and bump the patch version of the |
| affected package. Then you need to work with the Release Team to get a release |
| published to crates.io.<sup class="footnote-reference" id="fr-release-problem-1"><a href="#footnote-release-problem">1</a></sup></p> |
| <p>Some packages are not published automatically because they are not part of the |
| Rust release train. This currently only includes the <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/tree/master/crates/home"><code>home</code></a> package. These |
| are published manually on an as-needed or as-requested basis by whoever has |
| permissions (currently <a href="https://github.com/ehuss/">@ehuss</a> or the Release/Infra team)<sup class="footnote-reference" id="fr-fix-manual-release-1"><a href="#footnote-fix-manual-release">2</a></sup>.</p> |
| <h2 id="beta-backports"><a class="header" href="#beta-backports">Beta backports</a></h2> |
| <p>If there is a regression or major problem detected during the beta phase, it |
| may be necessary to backport a fix to beta. The process is documented in the |
| <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/release/beta-backporting.html">Beta Backporting</a> page.</p> |
| <h2 id="stable-backports"><a class="header" href="#stable-backports">Stable backports</a></h2> |
| <p>In (hopefully!) very rare cases, a major regression or problem may be reported |
| after the stable release. Decisions about this are usually coordinated between |
| the <a href="https://www.rust-lang.org/governance/teams/operations#release">Release team</a> and the Cargo team. There is usually a high bar for making |
| a stable patch release, and the decision may be influenced by whether or not |
| there are other changes that need a new stable release.</p> |
| <p>The process here is similar to the beta-backporting process. The |
| <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/">rust-lang/cargo</a> branch is the same as beta (<code>rust-1.XX.0</code>). The |
| <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/">rust-lang/rust</a> branch is called <code>stable</code>.</p> |
| <hr> |
| <ol class="footnote-definition"> |
| <li id="footnote-release-problem"> |
| <p>Unfortunately there are some complications with this process. See <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/14538">https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/14538</a> for more detail, and thoughts on how to improve this. <a href="#fr-release-problem-1">↩</a></p> |
| </li> |
| <li id="footnote-fix-manual-release"> |
| <p>This should be fixed, see <a href="https://forge.rust-lang.org/policies/crate-ownership.html">crate ownership policy</a> about removing ownership. Also see <a href="https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/14538">https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/14538</a> for problems with tagging. In general, these should be published from GitHub Actions, but we don’t have the infrastructure set up for that, yet. <a href="#fr-fix-manual-release-1">↩</a></p> |
| </li> |
| </ol> |
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