| You tried to use a type which doesn't implement some trait in a place which |
| expected that trait. |
| |
| Erroneous code example: |
| |
| ```compile_fail,E0277 |
| // here we declare the Foo trait with a bar method |
| trait Foo { |
| fn bar(&self); |
| } |
| |
| // we now declare a function which takes an object implementing the Foo trait |
| fn some_func<T: Foo>(foo: T) { |
| foo.bar(); |
| } |
| |
| fn main() { |
| // we now call the method with the i32 type, which doesn't implement |
| // the Foo trait |
| some_func(5i32); // error: the trait bound `i32 : Foo` is not satisfied |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| In order to fix this error, verify that the type you're using does implement |
| the trait. Example: |
| |
| ``` |
| trait Foo { |
| fn bar(&self); |
| } |
| |
| // we implement the trait on the i32 type |
| impl Foo for i32 { |
| fn bar(&self) {} |
| } |
| |
| fn some_func<T: Foo>(foo: T) { |
| foo.bar(); // we can now use this method since i32 implements the |
| // Foo trait |
| } |
| |
| fn main() { |
| some_func(5i32); // ok! |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| Or in a generic context, an erroneous code example would look like: |
| |
| ```compile_fail,E0277 |
| fn some_func<T>(foo: T) { |
| println!("{:?}", foo); // error: the trait `core::fmt::Debug` is not |
| // implemented for the type `T` |
| } |
| |
| fn main() { |
| // We now call the method with the i32 type, |
| // which *does* implement the Debug trait. |
| some_func(5i32); |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| Note that the error here is in the definition of the generic function. Although |
| we only call it with a parameter that does implement `Debug`, the compiler |
| still rejects the function. It must work with all possible input types. In |
| order to make this example compile, we need to restrict the generic type we're |
| accepting: |
| |
| ``` |
| use std::fmt; |
| |
| // Restrict the input type to types that implement Debug. |
| fn some_func<T: fmt::Debug>(foo: T) { |
| println!("{:?}", foo); |
| } |
| |
| fn main() { |
| // Calling the method is still fine, as i32 implements Debug. |
| some_func(5i32); |
| |
| // This would fail to compile now: |
| // struct WithoutDebug; |
| // some_func(WithoutDebug); |
| } |
| ``` |
| |
| Rust only looks at the signature of the called function, as such it must |
| already specify all requirements that will be used for every type parameter. |