//===- InstrRefBasedImpl.h - Tracking Debug Value MIs ---------------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef LLVM_LIB_CODEGEN_LIVEDEBUGVALUES_INSTRREFBASEDLDV_H
#define LLVM_LIB_CODEGEN_LIVEDEBUGVALUES_INSTRREFBASEDLDV_H

#include "llvm/ADT/DenseMap.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallPtrSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/UniqueVector.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/LexicalScopes.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineBasicBlock.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFrameInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineFunction.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/MachineInstr.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetFrameLowering.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetInstrInfo.h"
#include "llvm/CodeGen/TargetPassConfig.h"
#include "llvm/IR/DebugInfoMetadata.h"

#include "LiveDebugValues.h"

class TransferTracker;

// Forward dec of unit test class, so that we can peer into the LDV object.
class InstrRefLDVTest;

namespace LiveDebugValues {

class MLocTracker;

using namespace llvm;

/// Handle-class for a particular "location". This value-type uniquely
/// symbolises a register or stack location, allowing manipulation of locations
/// without concern for where that location is. Practically, this allows us to
/// treat the state of the machine at a particular point as an array of values,
/// rather than a map of values.
class LocIdx {
  unsigned Location;

  // Default constructor is private, initializing to an illegal location number.
  // Use only for "not an entry" elements in IndexedMaps.
  LocIdx() : Location(UINT_MAX) {}

public:
#define NUM_LOC_BITS 24
  LocIdx(unsigned L) : Location(L) {
    assert(L < (1 << NUM_LOC_BITS) && "Machine locations must fit in 24 bits");
  }

  static LocIdx MakeIllegalLoc() { return LocIdx(); }
  static LocIdx MakeTombstoneLoc() {
    LocIdx L = LocIdx();
    --L.Location;
    return L;
  }

  bool isIllegal() const { return Location == UINT_MAX; }

  uint64_t asU64() const { return Location; }

  bool operator==(unsigned L) const { return Location == L; }

  bool operator==(const LocIdx &L) const { return Location == L.Location; }

  bool operator!=(unsigned L) const { return !(*this == L); }

  bool operator!=(const LocIdx &L) const { return !(*this == L); }

  bool operator<(const LocIdx &Other) const {
    return Location < Other.Location;
  }
};

// The location at which a spilled value resides. It consists of a register and
// an offset.
struct SpillLoc {
  unsigned SpillBase;
  StackOffset SpillOffset;
  bool operator==(const SpillLoc &Other) const {
    return std::make_pair(SpillBase, SpillOffset) ==
           std::make_pair(Other.SpillBase, Other.SpillOffset);
  }
  bool operator<(const SpillLoc &Other) const {
    return std::make_tuple(SpillBase, SpillOffset.getFixed(),
                           SpillOffset.getScalable()) <
           std::make_tuple(Other.SpillBase, Other.SpillOffset.getFixed(),
                           Other.SpillOffset.getScalable());
  }
};

/// Unique identifier for a value defined by an instruction, as a value type.
/// Casts back and forth to a uint64_t. Probably replacable with something less
/// bit-constrained. Each value identifies the instruction and machine location
/// where the value is defined, although there may be no corresponding machine
/// operand for it (ex: regmasks clobbering values). The instructions are
/// one-based, and definitions that are PHIs have instruction number zero.
///
/// The obvious limits of a 1M block function or 1M instruction blocks are
/// problematic; but by that point we should probably have bailed out of
/// trying to analyse the function.
class ValueIDNum {
  union {
    struct {
      uint64_t BlockNo : 20; /// The block where the def happens.
      uint64_t InstNo : 20;  /// The Instruction where the def happens.
                             /// One based, is distance from start of block.
      uint64_t LocNo
          : NUM_LOC_BITS; /// The machine location where the def happens.
    } s;
    uint64_t Value;
  } u;

  static_assert(sizeof(u) == 8, "Badly packed ValueIDNum?");

public:
  // Default-initialize to EmptyValue. This is necessary to make IndexedMaps
  // of values to work.
  ValueIDNum() { u.Value = EmptyValue.asU64(); }

  ValueIDNum(uint64_t Block, uint64_t Inst, uint64_t Loc) {
    u.s = {Block, Inst, Loc};
  }

  ValueIDNum(uint64_t Block, uint64_t Inst, LocIdx Loc) {
    u.s = {Block, Inst, Loc.asU64()};
  }

  uint64_t getBlock() const { return u.s.BlockNo; }
  uint64_t getInst() const { return u.s.InstNo; }
  uint64_t getLoc() const { return u.s.LocNo; }
  bool isPHI() const { return u.s.InstNo == 0; }

  uint64_t asU64() const { return u.Value; }

  static ValueIDNum fromU64(uint64_t v) {
    ValueIDNum Val;
    Val.u.Value = v;
    return Val;
  }

  bool operator<(const ValueIDNum &Other) const {
    return asU64() < Other.asU64();
  }

  bool operator==(const ValueIDNum &Other) const {
    return u.Value == Other.u.Value;
  }

  bool operator!=(const ValueIDNum &Other) const { return !(*this == Other); }

  std::string asString(const std::string &mlocname) const {
    return Twine("Value{bb: ")
        .concat(Twine(u.s.BlockNo)
                    .concat(Twine(", inst: ")
                                .concat((u.s.InstNo ? Twine(u.s.InstNo)
                                                    : Twine("live-in"))
                                            .concat(Twine(", loc: ").concat(
                                                Twine(mlocname)))
                                            .concat(Twine("}")))))
        .str();
  }

  static ValueIDNum EmptyValue;
  static ValueIDNum TombstoneValue;
};

/// Thin wrapper around an integer -- designed to give more type safety to
/// spill location numbers.
class SpillLocationNo {
public:
  explicit SpillLocationNo(unsigned SpillNo) : SpillNo(SpillNo) {}
  unsigned SpillNo;
  unsigned id() const { return SpillNo; }

  bool operator<(const SpillLocationNo &Other) const {
    return SpillNo < Other.SpillNo;
  }

  bool operator==(const SpillLocationNo &Other) const {
    return SpillNo == Other.SpillNo;
  }
  bool operator!=(const SpillLocationNo &Other) const {
    return !(*this == Other);
  }
};

/// Meta qualifiers for a value. Pair of whatever expression is used to qualify
/// the the value, and Boolean of whether or not it's indirect.
class DbgValueProperties {
public:
  DbgValueProperties(const DIExpression *DIExpr, bool Indirect)
      : DIExpr(DIExpr), Indirect(Indirect) {}

  /// Extract properties from an existing DBG_VALUE instruction.
  DbgValueProperties(const MachineInstr &MI) {
    assert(MI.isDebugValue());
    DIExpr = MI.getDebugExpression();
    Indirect = MI.getOperand(1).isImm();
  }

  bool operator==(const DbgValueProperties &Other) const {
    return std::tie(DIExpr, Indirect) == std::tie(Other.DIExpr, Other.Indirect);
  }

  bool operator!=(const DbgValueProperties &Other) const {
    return !(*this == Other);
  }

  const DIExpression *DIExpr;
  bool Indirect;
};

/// Class recording the (high level) _value_ of a variable. Identifies either
/// the value of the variable as a ValueIDNum, or a constant MachineOperand.
/// This class also stores meta-information about how the value is qualified.
/// Used to reason about variable values when performing the second
/// (DebugVariable specific) dataflow analysis.
class DbgValue {
public:
  /// If Kind is Def, the value number that this value is based on. VPHIs set
  /// this field to EmptyValue if there is no machine-value for this VPHI, or
  /// the corresponding machine-value if there is one.
  ValueIDNum ID;
  /// If Kind is Const, the MachineOperand defining this value.
  Optional<MachineOperand> MO;
  /// For a NoVal or VPHI DbgValue, which block it was generated in.
  int BlockNo;

  /// Qualifiers for the ValueIDNum above.
  DbgValueProperties Properties;

  typedef enum {
    Undef, // Represents a DBG_VALUE $noreg in the transfer function only.
    Def,   // This value is defined by an inst, or is a PHI value.
    Const, // A constant value contained in the MachineOperand field.
    VPHI,  // Incoming values to BlockNo differ, those values must be joined by
           // a PHI in this block.
    NoVal, // Empty DbgValue indicating an unknown value. Used as initializer,
           // before dominating blocks values are propagated in.
  } KindT;
  /// Discriminator for whether this is a constant or an in-program value.
  KindT Kind;

  DbgValue(const ValueIDNum &Val, const DbgValueProperties &Prop, KindT Kind)
      : ID(Val), MO(None), BlockNo(0), Properties(Prop), Kind(Kind) {
    assert(Kind == Def);
  }

  DbgValue(unsigned BlockNo, const DbgValueProperties &Prop, KindT Kind)
      : ID(ValueIDNum::EmptyValue), MO(None), BlockNo(BlockNo),
        Properties(Prop), Kind(Kind) {
    assert(Kind == NoVal || Kind == VPHI);
  }

  DbgValue(const MachineOperand &MO, const DbgValueProperties &Prop, KindT Kind)
      : ID(ValueIDNum::EmptyValue), MO(MO), BlockNo(0), Properties(Prop),
        Kind(Kind) {
    assert(Kind == Const);
  }

  DbgValue(const DbgValueProperties &Prop, KindT Kind)
    : ID(ValueIDNum::EmptyValue), MO(None), BlockNo(0), Properties(Prop),
      Kind(Kind) {
    assert(Kind == Undef &&
           "Empty DbgValue constructor must pass in Undef kind");
  }

#ifndef NDEBUG
  void dump(const MLocTracker *MTrack) const;
#endif

  bool operator==(const DbgValue &Other) const {
    if (std::tie(Kind, Properties) != std::tie(Other.Kind, Other.Properties))
      return false;
    else if (Kind == Def && ID != Other.ID)
      return false;
    else if (Kind == NoVal && BlockNo != Other.BlockNo)
      return false;
    else if (Kind == Const)
      return MO->isIdenticalTo(*Other.MO);
    else if (Kind == VPHI && BlockNo != Other.BlockNo)
      return false;
    else if (Kind == VPHI && ID != Other.ID)
      return false;

    return true;
  }

  bool operator!=(const DbgValue &Other) const { return !(*this == Other); }
};

class LocIdxToIndexFunctor {
public:
  using argument_type = LocIdx;
  unsigned operator()(const LocIdx &L) const { return L.asU64(); }
};

/// Tracker for what values are in machine locations. Listens to the Things
/// being Done by various instructions, and maintains a table of what machine
/// locations have what values (as defined by a ValueIDNum).
///
/// There are potentially a much larger number of machine locations on the
/// target machine than the actual working-set size of the function. On x86 for
/// example, we're extremely unlikely to want to track values through control
/// or debug registers. To avoid doing so, MLocTracker has several layers of
/// indirection going on, described below, to avoid unnecessarily tracking
/// any location.
///
/// Here's a sort of diagram of the indexes, read from the bottom up:
///
///           Size on stack   Offset on stack
///                 \              /
///          Stack Idx (Where in slot is this?)
///                         /
///                        /
/// Slot Num (%stack.0)   /
/// FrameIdx => SpillNum /
///              \      /
///           SpillID (int)              Register number (int)
///                      \                  /
///                      LocationID => LocIdx
///                                |
///                       LocIdx => ValueIDNum
///
/// The aim here is that the LocIdx => ValueIDNum vector is just an array of
/// values in numbered locations, so that later analyses can ignore whether the
/// location is a register or otherwise. To map a register / spill location to
/// a LocIdx, you have to use the (sparse) LocationID => LocIdx map. And to
/// build a LocationID for a stack slot, you need to combine identifiers for
/// which stack slot it is and where within that slot is being described.
///
/// Register mask operands cause trouble by technically defining every register;
/// various hacks are used to avoid tracking registers that are never read and
/// only written by regmasks.
class MLocTracker {
public:
  MachineFunction &MF;
  const TargetInstrInfo &TII;
  const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI;
  const TargetLowering &TLI;

  /// IndexedMap type, mapping from LocIdx to ValueIDNum.
  using LocToValueType = IndexedMap<ValueIDNum, LocIdxToIndexFunctor>;

  /// Map of LocIdxes to the ValueIDNums that they store. This is tightly
  /// packed, entries only exist for locations that are being tracked.
  LocToValueType LocIdxToIDNum;

  /// "Map" of machine location IDs (i.e., raw register or spill number) to the
  /// LocIdx key / number for that location. There are always at least as many
  /// as the number of registers on the target -- if the value in the register
  /// is not being tracked, then the LocIdx value will be zero. New entries are
  /// appended if a new spill slot begins being tracked.
  /// This, and the corresponding reverse map persist for the analysis of the
  /// whole function, and is necessarying for decoding various vectors of
  /// values.
  std::vector<LocIdx> LocIDToLocIdx;

  /// Inverse map of LocIDToLocIdx.
  IndexedMap<unsigned, LocIdxToIndexFunctor> LocIdxToLocID;

  /// When clobbering register masks, we chose to not believe the machine model
  /// and don't clobber SP. Do the same for SP aliases, and for efficiency,
  /// keep a set of them here.
  SmallSet<Register, 8> SPAliases;

  /// Unique-ification of spill. Used to number them -- their LocID number is
  /// the index in SpillLocs minus one plus NumRegs.
  UniqueVector<SpillLoc> SpillLocs;

  // If we discover a new machine location, assign it an mphi with this
  // block number.
  unsigned CurBB;

  /// Cached local copy of the number of registers the target has.
  unsigned NumRegs;

  /// Number of slot indexes the target has -- distinct segments of a stack
  /// slot that can take on the value of a subregister, when a super-register
  /// is written to the stack.
  unsigned NumSlotIdxes;

  /// Collection of register mask operands that have been observed. Second part
  /// of pair indicates the instruction that they happened in. Used to
  /// reconstruct where defs happened if we start tracking a location later
  /// on.
  SmallVector<std::pair<const MachineOperand *, unsigned>, 32> Masks;

  /// Pair for describing a position within a stack slot -- first the size in
  /// bits, then the offset.
  typedef std::pair<unsigned short, unsigned short> StackSlotPos;

  /// Map from a size/offset pair describing a position in a stack slot, to a
  /// numeric identifier for that position. Allows easier identification of
  /// individual positions.
  DenseMap<StackSlotPos, unsigned> StackSlotIdxes;

  /// Inverse of StackSlotIdxes.
  DenseMap<unsigned, StackSlotPos> StackIdxesToPos;

  /// Iterator for locations and the values they contain. Dereferencing
  /// produces a struct/pair containing the LocIdx key for this location,
  /// and a reference to the value currently stored. Simplifies the process
  /// of seeking a particular location.
  class MLocIterator {
    LocToValueType &ValueMap;
    LocIdx Idx;

  public:
    class value_type {
    public:
      value_type(LocIdx Idx, ValueIDNum &Value) : Idx(Idx), Value(Value) {}
      const LocIdx Idx;  /// Read-only index of this location.
      ValueIDNum &Value; /// Reference to the stored value at this location.
    };

    MLocIterator(LocToValueType &ValueMap, LocIdx Idx)
        : ValueMap(ValueMap), Idx(Idx) {}

    bool operator==(const MLocIterator &Other) const {
      assert(&ValueMap == &Other.ValueMap);
      return Idx == Other.Idx;
    }

    bool operator!=(const MLocIterator &Other) const {
      return !(*this == Other);
    }

    void operator++() { Idx = LocIdx(Idx.asU64() + 1); }

    value_type operator*() { return value_type(Idx, ValueMap[LocIdx(Idx)]); }
  };

  MLocTracker(MachineFunction &MF, const TargetInstrInfo &TII,
              const TargetRegisterInfo &TRI, const TargetLowering &TLI);

  /// Produce location ID number for a Register. Provides some small amount of
  /// type safety.
  /// \param Reg The register we're looking up.
  unsigned getLocID(Register Reg) { return Reg.id(); }

  /// Produce location ID number for a spill position.
  /// \param Spill The number of the spill we're fetching the location for.
  /// \param SpillSubReg Subregister within the spill we're addressing.
  unsigned getLocID(SpillLocationNo Spill, unsigned SpillSubReg) {
    unsigned short Size = TRI.getSubRegIdxSize(SpillSubReg);
    unsigned short Offs = TRI.getSubRegIdxOffset(SpillSubReg);
    return getLocID(Spill, {Size, Offs});
  }

  /// Produce location ID number for a spill position.
  /// \param Spill The number of the spill we're fetching the location for.
  /// \apram SpillIdx size/offset within the spill slot to be addressed.
  unsigned getLocID(SpillLocationNo Spill, StackSlotPos Idx) {
    unsigned SlotNo = Spill.id() - 1;
    SlotNo *= NumSlotIdxes;
    assert(StackSlotIdxes.find(Idx) != StackSlotIdxes.end());
    SlotNo += StackSlotIdxes[Idx];
    SlotNo += NumRegs;
    return SlotNo;
  }

  /// Given a spill number, and a slot within the spill, calculate the ID number
  /// for that location.
  unsigned getSpillIDWithIdx(SpillLocationNo Spill, unsigned Idx) {
    unsigned SlotNo = Spill.id() - 1;
    SlotNo *= NumSlotIdxes;
    SlotNo += Idx;
    SlotNo += NumRegs;
    return SlotNo;
  }

  /// Return the spill number that a location ID corresponds to.
  SpillLocationNo locIDToSpill(unsigned ID) const {
    assert(ID >= NumRegs);
    ID -= NumRegs;
    // Truncate away the index part, leaving only the spill number.
    ID /= NumSlotIdxes;
    return SpillLocationNo(ID + 1); // The UniqueVector is one-based.
  }

  /// Returns the spill-slot size/offs that a location ID corresponds to.
  StackSlotPos locIDToSpillIdx(unsigned ID) const {
    assert(ID >= NumRegs);
    ID -= NumRegs;
    unsigned Idx = ID % NumSlotIdxes;
    return StackIdxesToPos.find(Idx)->second;
  }

  unsigned getNumLocs() const { return LocIdxToIDNum.size(); }

  /// Reset all locations to contain a PHI value at the designated block. Used
  /// sometimes for actual PHI values, othertimes to indicate the block entry
  /// value (before any more information is known).
  void setMPhis(unsigned NewCurBB) {
    CurBB = NewCurBB;
    for (auto Location : locations())
      Location.Value = {CurBB, 0, Location.Idx};
  }

  /// Load values for each location from array of ValueIDNums. Take current
  /// bbnum just in case we read a value from a hitherto untouched register.
  void loadFromArray(ValueIDNum *Locs, unsigned NewCurBB) {
    CurBB = NewCurBB;
    // Iterate over all tracked locations, and load each locations live-in
    // value into our local index.
    for (auto Location : locations())
      Location.Value = Locs[Location.Idx.asU64()];
  }

  /// Wipe any un-necessary location records after traversing a block.
  void reset() {
    // We could reset all the location values too; however either loadFromArray
    // or setMPhis should be called before this object is re-used. Just
    // clear Masks, they're definitely not needed.
    Masks.clear();
  }

  /// Clear all data. Destroys the LocID <=> LocIdx map, which makes most of
  /// the information in this pass uninterpretable.
  void clear() {
    reset();
    LocIDToLocIdx.clear();
    LocIdxToLocID.clear();
    LocIdxToIDNum.clear();
    // SpillLocs.reset(); XXX UniqueVector::reset assumes a SpillLoc casts from
    // 0
    SpillLocs = decltype(SpillLocs)();
    StackSlotIdxes.clear();
    StackIdxesToPos.clear();

    LocIDToLocIdx.resize(NumRegs, LocIdx::MakeIllegalLoc());
  }

  /// Set a locaiton to a certain value.
  void setMLoc(LocIdx L, ValueIDNum Num) {
    assert(L.asU64() < LocIdxToIDNum.size());
    LocIdxToIDNum[L] = Num;
  }

  /// Read the value of a particular location
  ValueIDNum readMLoc(LocIdx L) {
    assert(L.asU64() < LocIdxToIDNum.size());
    return LocIdxToIDNum[L];
  }

  /// Create a LocIdx for an untracked register ID. Initialize it to either an
  /// mphi value representing a live-in, or a recent register mask clobber.
  LocIdx trackRegister(unsigned ID);

  LocIdx lookupOrTrackRegister(unsigned ID) {
    LocIdx &Index = LocIDToLocIdx[ID];
    if (Index.isIllegal())
      Index = trackRegister(ID);
    return Index;
  }

  /// Is register R currently tracked by MLocTracker?
  bool isRegisterTracked(Register R) {
    LocIdx &Index = LocIDToLocIdx[R];
    return !Index.isIllegal();
  }

  /// Record a definition of the specified register at the given block / inst.
  /// This doesn't take a ValueIDNum, because the definition and its location
  /// are synonymous.
  void defReg(Register R, unsigned BB, unsigned Inst) {
    unsigned ID = getLocID(R);
    LocIdx Idx = lookupOrTrackRegister(ID);
    ValueIDNum ValueID = {BB, Inst, Idx};
    LocIdxToIDNum[Idx] = ValueID;
  }

  /// Set a register to a value number. To be used if the value number is
  /// known in advance.
  void setReg(Register R, ValueIDNum ValueID) {
    unsigned ID = getLocID(R);
    LocIdx Idx = lookupOrTrackRegister(ID);
    LocIdxToIDNum[Idx] = ValueID;
  }

  ValueIDNum readReg(Register R) {
    unsigned ID = getLocID(R);
    LocIdx Idx = lookupOrTrackRegister(ID);
    return LocIdxToIDNum[Idx];
  }

  /// Reset a register value to zero / empty. Needed to replicate the
  /// VarLoc implementation where a copy to/from a register effectively
  /// clears the contents of the source register. (Values can only have one
  ///  machine location in VarLocBasedImpl).
  void wipeRegister(Register R) {
    unsigned ID = getLocID(R);
    LocIdx Idx = LocIDToLocIdx[ID];
    LocIdxToIDNum[Idx] = ValueIDNum::EmptyValue;
  }

  /// Determine the LocIdx of an existing register.
  LocIdx getRegMLoc(Register R) {
    unsigned ID = getLocID(R);
    assert(ID < LocIDToLocIdx.size());
    assert(LocIDToLocIdx[ID] != UINT_MAX); // Sentinal for IndexedMap.
    return LocIDToLocIdx[ID];
  }

  /// Record a RegMask operand being executed. Defs any register we currently
  /// track, stores a pointer to the mask in case we have to account for it
  /// later.
  void writeRegMask(const MachineOperand *MO, unsigned CurBB, unsigned InstID);

  /// Find LocIdx for SpillLoc \p L, creating a new one if it's not tracked.
  /// Returns None when in scenarios where a spill slot could be tracked, but
  /// we would likely run into resource limitations.
  Optional<SpillLocationNo> getOrTrackSpillLoc(SpillLoc L);

  // Get LocIdx of a spill ID.
  LocIdx getSpillMLoc(unsigned SpillID) {
    assert(LocIDToLocIdx[SpillID] != UINT_MAX); // Sentinal for IndexedMap.
    return LocIDToLocIdx[SpillID];
  }

  /// Return true if Idx is a spill machine location.
  bool isSpill(LocIdx Idx) const { return LocIdxToLocID[Idx] >= NumRegs; }

  MLocIterator begin() { return MLocIterator(LocIdxToIDNum, 0); }

  MLocIterator end() {
    return MLocIterator(LocIdxToIDNum, LocIdxToIDNum.size());
  }

  /// Return a range over all locations currently tracked.
  iterator_range<MLocIterator> locations() {
    return llvm::make_range(begin(), end());
  }

  std::string LocIdxToName(LocIdx Idx) const;

  std::string IDAsString(const ValueIDNum &Num) const;

#ifndef NDEBUG
  LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void dump();

  LLVM_DUMP_METHOD void dump_mloc_map();
#endif

  /// Create a DBG_VALUE based on  machine location \p MLoc. Qualify it with the
  /// information in \pProperties, for variable Var. Don't insert it anywhere,
  /// just return the builder for it.
  MachineInstrBuilder emitLoc(Optional<LocIdx> MLoc, const DebugVariable &Var,
                              const DbgValueProperties &Properties);
};

/// Types for recording sets of variable fragments that overlap. For a given
/// local variable, we record all other fragments of that variable that could
/// overlap it, to reduce search time.
using FragmentOfVar =
    std::pair<const DILocalVariable *, DIExpression::FragmentInfo>;
using OverlapMap =
    DenseMap<FragmentOfVar, SmallVector<DIExpression::FragmentInfo, 1>>;

/// Collection of DBG_VALUEs observed when traversing a block. Records each
/// variable and the value the DBG_VALUE refers to. Requires the machine value
/// location dataflow algorithm to have run already, so that values can be
/// identified.
class VLocTracker {
public:
  /// Map DebugVariable to the latest Value it's defined to have.
  /// Needs to be a MapVector because we determine order-in-the-input-MIR from
  /// the order in this container.
  /// We only retain the last DbgValue in each block for each variable, to
  /// determine the blocks live-out variable value. The Vars container forms the
  /// transfer function for this block, as part of the dataflow analysis. The
  /// movement of values between locations inside of a block is handled at a
  /// much later stage, in the TransferTracker class.
  MapVector<DebugVariable, DbgValue> Vars;
  SmallDenseMap<DebugVariable, const DILocation *, 8> Scopes;
  MachineBasicBlock *MBB = nullptr;
  const OverlapMap &OverlappingFragments;
  DbgValueProperties EmptyProperties;

public:
  VLocTracker(const OverlapMap &O, const DIExpression *EmptyExpr)
      : OverlappingFragments(O), EmptyProperties(EmptyExpr, false) {}

  void defVar(const MachineInstr &MI, const DbgValueProperties &Properties,
              Optional<ValueIDNum> ID) {
    assert(MI.isDebugValue() || MI.isDebugRef());
    DebugVariable Var(MI.getDebugVariable(), MI.getDebugExpression(),
                      MI.getDebugLoc()->getInlinedAt());
    DbgValue Rec = (ID) ? DbgValue(*ID, Properties, DbgValue::Def)
                        : DbgValue(Properties, DbgValue::Undef);

    // Attempt insertion; overwrite if it's already mapped.
    auto Result = Vars.insert(std::make_pair(Var, Rec));
    if (!Result.second)
      Result.first->second = Rec;
    Scopes[Var] = MI.getDebugLoc().get();

    considerOverlaps(Var, MI.getDebugLoc().get());
  }

  void defVar(const MachineInstr &MI, const MachineOperand &MO) {
    // Only DBG_VALUEs can define constant-valued variables.
    assert(MI.isDebugValue());
    DebugVariable Var(MI.getDebugVariable(), MI.getDebugExpression(),
                      MI.getDebugLoc()->getInlinedAt());
    DbgValueProperties Properties(MI);
    DbgValue Rec = DbgValue(MO, Properties, DbgValue::Const);

    // Attempt insertion; overwrite if it's already mapped.
    auto Result = Vars.insert(std::make_pair(Var, Rec));
    if (!Result.second)
      Result.first->second = Rec;
    Scopes[Var] = MI.getDebugLoc().get();

    considerOverlaps(Var, MI.getDebugLoc().get());
  }

  void considerOverlaps(const DebugVariable &Var, const DILocation *Loc) {
    auto Overlaps = OverlappingFragments.find(
        {Var.getVariable(), Var.getFragmentOrDefault()});
    if (Overlaps == OverlappingFragments.end())
      return;

    // Otherwise: terminate any overlapped variable locations.
    for (auto FragmentInfo : Overlaps->second) {
      // The "empty" fragment is stored as DebugVariable::DefaultFragment, so
      // that it overlaps with everything, however its cannonical representation
      // in a DebugVariable is as "None".
      Optional<DIExpression::FragmentInfo> OptFragmentInfo = FragmentInfo;
      if (DebugVariable::isDefaultFragment(FragmentInfo))
        OptFragmentInfo = None;

      DebugVariable Overlapped(Var.getVariable(), OptFragmentInfo,
                               Var.getInlinedAt());
      DbgValue Rec = DbgValue(EmptyProperties, DbgValue::Undef);

      // Attempt insertion; overwrite if it's already mapped.
      auto Result = Vars.insert(std::make_pair(Overlapped, Rec));
      if (!Result.second)
        Result.first->second = Rec;
      Scopes[Overlapped] = Loc;
    }
  }

  void clear() {
    Vars.clear();
    Scopes.clear();
  }
};

// XXX XXX docs
class InstrRefBasedLDV : public LDVImpl {
public:
  friend class ::InstrRefLDVTest;

  using FragmentInfo = DIExpression::FragmentInfo;
  using OptFragmentInfo = Optional<DIExpression::FragmentInfo>;

  // Helper while building OverlapMap, a map of all fragments seen for a given
  // DILocalVariable.
  using VarToFragments =
      DenseMap<const DILocalVariable *, SmallSet<FragmentInfo, 4>>;

  /// Machine location/value transfer function, a mapping of which locations
  /// are assigned which new values.
  using MLocTransferMap = SmallDenseMap<LocIdx, ValueIDNum>;

  /// Live in/out structure for the variable values: a per-block map of
  /// variables to their values.
  using LiveIdxT = DenseMap<const MachineBasicBlock *, DbgValue *>;

  using VarAndLoc = std::pair<DebugVariable, DbgValue>;

  /// Type for a live-in value: the predecessor block, and its value.
  using InValueT = std::pair<MachineBasicBlock *, DbgValue *>;

  /// Vector (per block) of a collection (inner smallvector) of live-ins.
  /// Used as the result type for the variable value dataflow problem.
  using LiveInsT = SmallVector<SmallVector<VarAndLoc, 8>, 8>;

  /// Mapping from lexical scopes to a DILocation in that scope.
  using ScopeToDILocT = DenseMap<const LexicalScope *, const DILocation *>;

  /// Mapping from lexical scopes to variables in that scope.
  using ScopeToVarsT = DenseMap<const LexicalScope *, SmallSet<DebugVariable, 4>>;

  /// Mapping from lexical scopes to blocks where variables in that scope are
  /// assigned. Such blocks aren't necessarily "in" the lexical scope, it's
  /// just a block where an assignment happens.
  using ScopeToAssignBlocksT = DenseMap<const LexicalScope *, SmallPtrSet<MachineBasicBlock *, 4>>;

private:
  MachineDominatorTree *DomTree;
  const TargetRegisterInfo *TRI;
  const MachineRegisterInfo *MRI;
  const TargetInstrInfo *TII;
  const TargetFrameLowering *TFI;
  const MachineFrameInfo *MFI;
  BitVector CalleeSavedRegs;
  LexicalScopes LS;
  TargetPassConfig *TPC;

  // An empty DIExpression. Used default / placeholder DbgValueProperties
  // objects, as we can't have null expressions.
  const DIExpression *EmptyExpr;

  /// Object to track machine locations as we step through a block. Could
  /// probably be a field rather than a pointer, as it's always used.
  MLocTracker *MTracker = nullptr;

  /// Number of the current block LiveDebugValues is stepping through.
  unsigned CurBB;

  /// Number of the current instruction LiveDebugValues is evaluating.
  unsigned CurInst;

  /// Variable tracker -- listens to DBG_VALUEs occurring as InstrRefBasedImpl
  /// steps through a block. Reads the values at each location from the
  /// MLocTracker object.
  VLocTracker *VTracker = nullptr;

  /// Tracker for transfers, listens to DBG_VALUEs and transfers of values
  /// between locations during stepping, creates new DBG_VALUEs when values move
  /// location.
  TransferTracker *TTracker = nullptr;

  /// Blocks which are artificial, i.e. blocks which exclusively contain
  /// instructions without DebugLocs, or with line 0 locations.
  SmallPtrSet<MachineBasicBlock *, 16> ArtificialBlocks;

  // Mapping of blocks to and from their RPOT order.
  DenseMap<unsigned int, MachineBasicBlock *> OrderToBB;
  DenseMap<const MachineBasicBlock *, unsigned int> BBToOrder;
  DenseMap<unsigned, unsigned> BBNumToRPO;

  /// Pair of MachineInstr, and its 1-based offset into the containing block.
  using InstAndNum = std::pair<const MachineInstr *, unsigned>;
  /// Map from debug instruction number to the MachineInstr labelled with that
  /// number, and its location within the function. Used to transform
  /// instruction numbers in DBG_INSTR_REFs into machine value numbers.
  std::map<uint64_t, InstAndNum> DebugInstrNumToInstr;

  /// Record of where we observed a DBG_PHI instruction.
  class DebugPHIRecord {
  public:
    uint64_t InstrNum;      ///< Instruction number of this DBG_PHI.
    MachineBasicBlock *MBB; ///< Block where DBG_PHI occurred.
    ValueIDNum ValueRead;   ///< The value number read by the DBG_PHI.
    LocIdx ReadLoc;         ///< Register/Stack location the DBG_PHI reads.

    operator unsigned() const { return InstrNum; }
  };

  /// Map from instruction numbers defined by DBG_PHIs to a record of what that
  /// DBG_PHI read and where. Populated and edited during the machine value
  /// location problem -- we use LLVMs SSA Updater to fix changes by
  /// optimizations that destroy PHI instructions.
  SmallVector<DebugPHIRecord, 32> DebugPHINumToValue;

  // Map of overlapping variable fragments.
  OverlapMap OverlapFragments;
  VarToFragments SeenFragments;

  /// Mapping of DBG_INSTR_REF instructions to their values, for those
  /// DBG_INSTR_REFs that call resolveDbgPHIs. These variable references solve
  /// a mini SSA problem caused by DBG_PHIs being cloned, this collection caches
  /// the result.
  DenseMap<MachineInstr *, Optional<ValueIDNum>> SeenDbgPHIs;

  /// True if we need to examine call instructions for stack clobbers. We
  /// normally assume that they don't clobber SP, but stack probes on Windows
  /// do.
  bool AdjustsStackInCalls = false;

  /// If AdjustsStackInCalls is true, this holds the name of the target's stack
  /// probe function, which is the function we expect will alter the stack
  /// pointer.
  StringRef StackProbeSymbolName;

  /// Tests whether this instruction is a spill to a stack slot.
  Optional<SpillLocationNo> isSpillInstruction(const MachineInstr &MI,
                                               MachineFunction *MF);

  /// Decide if @MI is a spill instruction and return true if it is. We use 2
  /// criteria to make this decision:
  /// - Is this instruction a store to a spill slot?
  /// - Is there a register operand that is both used and killed?
  /// TODO: Store optimization can fold spills into other stores (including
  /// other spills). We do not handle this yet (more than one memory operand).
  bool isLocationSpill(const MachineInstr &MI, MachineFunction *MF,
                       unsigned &Reg);

  /// If a given instruction is identified as a spill, return the spill slot
  /// and set \p Reg to the spilled register.
  Optional<SpillLocationNo> isRestoreInstruction(const MachineInstr &MI,
                                          MachineFunction *MF, unsigned &Reg);

  /// Given a spill instruction, extract the spill slot information, ensure it's
  /// tracked, and return the spill number.
  Optional<SpillLocationNo>
  extractSpillBaseRegAndOffset(const MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Observe a single instruction while stepping through a block.
  void process(MachineInstr &MI, ValueIDNum **MLiveOuts = nullptr,
               ValueIDNum **MLiveIns = nullptr);

  /// Examines whether \p MI is a DBG_VALUE and notifies trackers.
  /// \returns true if MI was recognized and processed.
  bool transferDebugValue(const MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Examines whether \p MI is a DBG_INSTR_REF and notifies trackers.
  /// \returns true if MI was recognized and processed.
  bool transferDebugInstrRef(MachineInstr &MI, ValueIDNum **MLiveOuts,
                             ValueIDNum **MLiveIns);

  /// Stores value-information about where this PHI occurred, and what
  /// instruction number is associated with it.
  /// \returns true if MI was recognized and processed.
  bool transferDebugPHI(MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Examines whether \p MI is copy instruction, and notifies trackers.
  /// \returns true if MI was recognized and processed.
  bool transferRegisterCopy(MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Examines whether \p MI is stack spill or restore  instruction, and
  /// notifies trackers. \returns true if MI was recognized and processed.
  bool transferSpillOrRestoreInst(MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Examines \p MI for any registers that it defines, and notifies trackers.
  void transferRegisterDef(MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Copy one location to the other, accounting for movement of subregisters
  /// too.
  void performCopy(Register Src, Register Dst);

  void accumulateFragmentMap(MachineInstr &MI);

  /// Determine the machine value number referred to by (potentially several)
  /// DBG_PHI instructions. Block duplication and tail folding can duplicate
  /// DBG_PHIs, shifting the position where values in registers merge, and
  /// forming another mini-ssa problem to solve.
  /// \p Here the position of a DBG_INSTR_REF seeking a machine value number
  /// \p InstrNum Debug instruction number defined by DBG_PHI instructions.
  /// \returns The machine value number at position Here, or None.
  Optional<ValueIDNum> resolveDbgPHIs(MachineFunction &MF,
                                      ValueIDNum **MLiveOuts,
                                      ValueIDNum **MLiveIns, MachineInstr &Here,
                                      uint64_t InstrNum);

  Optional<ValueIDNum> resolveDbgPHIsImpl(MachineFunction &MF,
                                          ValueIDNum **MLiveOuts,
                                          ValueIDNum **MLiveIns,
                                          MachineInstr &Here,
                                          uint64_t InstrNum);

  /// Step through the function, recording register definitions and movements
  /// in an MLocTracker. Convert the observations into a per-block transfer
  /// function in \p MLocTransfer, suitable for using with the machine value
  /// location dataflow problem.
  void
  produceMLocTransferFunction(MachineFunction &MF,
                              SmallVectorImpl<MLocTransferMap> &MLocTransfer,
                              unsigned MaxNumBlocks);

  /// Solve the machine value location dataflow problem. Takes as input the
  /// transfer functions in \p MLocTransfer. Writes the output live-in and
  /// live-out arrays to the (initialized to zero) multidimensional arrays in
  /// \p MInLocs and \p MOutLocs. The outer dimension is indexed by block
  /// number, the inner by LocIdx.
  void buildMLocValueMap(MachineFunction &MF, ValueIDNum **MInLocs,
                         ValueIDNum **MOutLocs,
                         SmallVectorImpl<MLocTransferMap> &MLocTransfer);

  /// Examine the stack indexes (i.e. offsets within the stack) to find the
  /// basic units of interference -- like reg units, but for the stack.
  void findStackIndexInterference(SmallVectorImpl<unsigned> &Slots);

  /// Install PHI values into the live-in array for each block, according to
  /// the IDF of each register.
  void placeMLocPHIs(MachineFunction &MF,
                     SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &AllBlocks,
                     ValueIDNum **MInLocs,
                     SmallVectorImpl<MLocTransferMap> &MLocTransfer);

  /// Propagate variable values to blocks in the common case where there's
  /// only one value assigned to the variable. This function has better
  /// performance as it doesn't have to find the dominance frontier between
  /// different assignments.
  void placePHIsForSingleVarDefinition(
          const SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &InScopeBlocks,
          MachineBasicBlock *MBB, SmallVectorImpl<VLocTracker> &AllTheVLocs,
          const DebugVariable &Var, LiveInsT &Output);

  /// Calculate the iterated-dominance-frontier for a set of defs, using the
  /// existing LLVM facilities for this. Works for a single "value" or
  /// machine/variable location.
  /// \p AllBlocks Set of blocks where we might consume the value.
  /// \p DefBlocks Set of blocks where the value/location is defined.
  /// \p PHIBlocks Output set of blocks where PHIs must be placed.
  void BlockPHIPlacement(const SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &AllBlocks,
                         const SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &DefBlocks,
                         SmallVectorImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &PHIBlocks);

  /// Perform a control flow join (lattice value meet) of the values in machine
  /// locations at \p MBB. Follows the algorithm described in the file-comment,
  /// reading live-outs of predecessors from \p OutLocs, the current live ins
  /// from \p InLocs, and assigning the newly computed live ins back into
  /// \p InLocs. \returns two bools -- the first indicates whether a change
  /// was made, the second whether a lattice downgrade occurred. If the latter
  /// is true, revisiting this block is necessary.
  bool mlocJoin(MachineBasicBlock &MBB,
                SmallPtrSet<const MachineBasicBlock *, 16> &Visited,
                ValueIDNum **OutLocs, ValueIDNum *InLocs);

  /// Produce a set of blocks that are in the current lexical scope. This means
  /// those blocks that contain instructions "in" the scope, blocks where
  /// assignments to variables in scope occur, and artificial blocks that are
  /// successors to any of the earlier blocks. See https://llvm.org/PR48091 for
  /// more commentry on what "in scope" means.
  /// \p DILoc A location in the scope that we're fetching blocks for.
  /// \p Output Set to put in-scope-blocks into.
  /// \p AssignBlocks Blocks known to contain assignments of variables in scope.
  void
  getBlocksForScope(const DILocation *DILoc,
                    SmallPtrSetImpl<const MachineBasicBlock *> &Output,
                    const SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &AssignBlocks);

  /// Solve the variable value dataflow problem, for a single lexical scope.
  /// Uses the algorithm from the file comment to resolve control flow joins
  /// using PHI placement and value propagation. Reads the locations of machine
  /// values from the \p MInLocs and \p MOutLocs arrays (see buildMLocValueMap)
  /// and reads the variable values transfer function from \p AllTheVlocs.
  /// Live-in and Live-out variable values are stored locally, with the live-ins
  /// permanently stored to \p Output once a fixedpoint is reached.
  /// \p VarsWeCareAbout contains a collection of the variables in \p Scope
  /// that we should be tracking.
  /// \p AssignBlocks contains the set of blocks that aren't in \p DILoc's
  /// scope, but which do contain DBG_VALUEs, which VarLocBasedImpl tracks
  /// locations through.
  void buildVLocValueMap(const DILocation *DILoc,
                    const SmallSet<DebugVariable, 4> &VarsWeCareAbout,
                    SmallPtrSetImpl<MachineBasicBlock *> &AssignBlocks,
                    LiveInsT &Output, ValueIDNum **MOutLocs,
                    ValueIDNum **MInLocs,
                    SmallVectorImpl<VLocTracker> &AllTheVLocs);

  /// Attempt to eliminate un-necessary PHIs on entry to a block. Examines the
  /// live-in values coming from predecessors live-outs, and replaces any PHIs
  /// already present in this blocks live-ins with a live-through value if the
  /// PHI isn't needed.
  /// \p LiveIn Old live-in value, overwritten with new one if live-in changes.
  /// \returns true if any live-ins change value, either from value propagation
  ///          or PHI elimination.
  bool vlocJoin(MachineBasicBlock &MBB, LiveIdxT &VLOCOutLocs,
                SmallPtrSet<const MachineBasicBlock *, 8> &BlocksToExplore,
                DbgValue &LiveIn);

  /// For the given block and live-outs feeding into it, try to find a
  /// machine location where all the variable values join together.
  /// \returns Value ID of a machine PHI if an appropriate one is available.
  Optional<ValueIDNum>
  pickVPHILoc(const MachineBasicBlock &MBB, const DebugVariable &Var,
              const LiveIdxT &LiveOuts, ValueIDNum **MOutLocs,
              const SmallVectorImpl<const MachineBasicBlock *> &BlockOrders);

  /// Take collections of DBG_VALUE instructions stored in TTracker, and
  /// install them into their output blocks. Preserves a stable order of
  /// DBG_VALUEs produced (which would otherwise cause nondeterminism) through
  /// the AllVarsNumbering order.
  bool emitTransfers(DenseMap<DebugVariable, unsigned> &AllVarsNumbering);

  /// Boilerplate computation of some initial sets, artifical blocks and
  /// RPOT block ordering.
  void initialSetup(MachineFunction &MF);

  /// Produce a map of the last lexical scope that uses a block, using the
  /// scopes DFSOut number. Mapping is block-number to DFSOut.
  /// \p EjectionMap Pre-allocated vector in which to install the built ma.
  /// \p ScopeToDILocation Mapping of LexicalScopes to their DILocations.
  /// \p AssignBlocks Map of blocks where assignments happen for a scope.
  void makeDepthFirstEjectionMap(SmallVectorImpl<unsigned> &EjectionMap,
                                 const ScopeToDILocT &ScopeToDILocation,
                                 ScopeToAssignBlocksT &AssignBlocks);

  /// When determining per-block variable values and emitting to DBG_VALUEs,
  /// this function explores by lexical scope depth. Doing so means that per
  /// block information can be fully computed before exploration finishes,
  /// allowing us to emit it and free data structures earlier than otherwise.
  /// It's also good for locality.
  bool depthFirstVLocAndEmit(
      unsigned MaxNumBlocks, const ScopeToDILocT &ScopeToDILocation,
      const ScopeToVarsT &ScopeToVars, ScopeToAssignBlocksT &ScopeToBlocks,
      LiveInsT &Output, ValueIDNum **MOutLocs, ValueIDNum **MInLocs,
      SmallVectorImpl<VLocTracker> &AllTheVLocs, MachineFunction &MF,
      DenseMap<DebugVariable, unsigned> &AllVarsNumbering,
      const TargetPassConfig &TPC);

  bool ExtendRanges(MachineFunction &MF, MachineDominatorTree *DomTree,
                    TargetPassConfig *TPC, unsigned InputBBLimit,
                    unsigned InputDbgValLimit) override;

public:
  /// Default construct and initialize the pass.
  InstrRefBasedLDV();

  LLVM_DUMP_METHOD
  void dump_mloc_transfer(const MLocTransferMap &mloc_transfer) const;

  bool isCalleeSaved(LocIdx L) const;

  bool hasFoldedStackStore(const MachineInstr &MI) {
    // Instruction must have a memory operand that's a stack slot, and isn't
    // aliased, meaning it's a spill from regalloc instead of a variable.
    // If it's aliased, we can't guarantee its value.
    if (!MI.hasOneMemOperand())
      return false;
    auto *MemOperand = *MI.memoperands_begin();
    return MemOperand->isStore() &&
           MemOperand->getPseudoValue() &&
           MemOperand->getPseudoValue()->kind() == PseudoSourceValue::FixedStack
           && !MemOperand->getPseudoValue()->isAliased(MFI);
  }

  Optional<LocIdx> findLocationForMemOperand(const MachineInstr &MI);
};

} // namespace LiveDebugValues

namespace llvm {
using namespace LiveDebugValues;

template <> struct DenseMapInfo<LocIdx> {
  static inline LocIdx getEmptyKey() { return LocIdx::MakeIllegalLoc(); }
  static inline LocIdx getTombstoneKey() { return LocIdx::MakeTombstoneLoc(); }

  static unsigned getHashValue(const LocIdx &Loc) { return Loc.asU64(); }

  static bool isEqual(const LocIdx &A, const LocIdx &B) { return A == B; }
};

template <> struct DenseMapInfo<ValueIDNum> {
  static inline ValueIDNum getEmptyKey() { return ValueIDNum::EmptyValue; }
  static inline ValueIDNum getTombstoneKey() {
    return ValueIDNum::TombstoneValue;
  }

  static unsigned getHashValue(const ValueIDNum &Val) {
    return hash_value(Val.asU64());
  }

  static bool isEqual(const ValueIDNum &A, const ValueIDNum &B) {
    return A == B;
  }
};

} // end namespace llvm

#endif /* LLVM_LIB_CODEGEN_LIVEDEBUGVALUES_INSTRREFBASEDLDV_H */