/* ImageIO.java --
   Copyright (C) 2004, 2005  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

This file is part of GNU Classpath.

GNU Classpath is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option)
any later version.

GNU Classpath is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GNU Classpath; see the file COPYING.  If not, write to the
Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
02110-1301 USA.

Linking this library statically or dynamically with other modules is
making a combined work based on this library.  Thus, the terms and
conditions of the GNU General Public License cover the whole
combination.

As a special exception, the copyright holders of this library give you
permission to link this library with independent modules to produce an
executable, regardless of the license terms of these independent
modules, and to copy and distribute the resulting executable under
terms of your choice, provided that you also meet, for each linked
independent module, the terms and conditions of the license of that
module.  An independent module is a module which is not derived from
or based on this library.  If you modify this library, you may extend
this exception to your version of the library, but you are not
obligated to do so.  If you do not wish to do so, delete this
exception statement from your version. */


package javax.imageio;

import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.awt.image.RenderedImage;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Iterator;

import javax.imageio.spi.IIORegistry;
import javax.imageio.spi.ImageInputStreamSpi;
import javax.imageio.spi.ImageOutputStreamSpi;
import javax.imageio.spi.ImageReaderSpi;
import javax.imageio.spi.ImageTranscoderSpi;
import javax.imageio.spi.ImageWriterSpi;
import javax.imageio.spi.ServiceRegistry;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageInputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.ImageOutputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.MemoryCacheImageInputStream;
import javax.imageio.stream.MemoryCacheImageOutputStream;

/**
 * An uninstantiable class that provides static methods for locating
 * and using image readers and writers.
 */
public final class ImageIO
{
  /**
   * Construct an ImageIO.  Private since ImageIO is not instantiable.
   */
  private ImageIO()
  {
  }

  private static final class ReaderFormatFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private String formatName;

    public ReaderFormatFilter(String formatName)
    {
      this.formatName = formatName;
    }

    public boolean filter (Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageReaderSpi)
        {
          ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) provider;
          String[] formatNames = spi.getFormatNames();

          for (int i = formatNames.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
            if (formatName.equals(formatNames[i]))
              return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class ReaderMIMETypeFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private String MIMEType;

    public ReaderMIMETypeFilter(String MIMEType)
    {
      this.MIMEType = MIMEType;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageReaderSpi)
        {
          ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) provider;
          String[] mimetypes = spi.getMIMETypes();

          for (int i = mimetypes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
            if (MIMEType.equals(mimetypes[i]))
              return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class ReaderObjectFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private Object object;

    public ReaderObjectFilter(Object object)
    {
      this.object = object;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageReaderSpi)
        {
          ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) provider;

          try
            {
              if (spi.canDecodeInput(object))
                return true;
            }
          catch (IOException e)
            {
              // Return false in this case
            }
        }
      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class ReaderSuffixFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private String fileSuffix;

    public ReaderSuffixFilter(String fileSuffix)
    {
      this.fileSuffix = fileSuffix;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageReaderSpi)
        {
          ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) provider;
          String[] suffixes = spi.getFileSuffixes();

          for (int i = suffixes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
            if (fileSuffix.equals(suffixes[i]))
              return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class WriterFormatFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private String formatName;

    public WriterFormatFilter(String formatName)
    {
      this.formatName = formatName;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageWriterSpi)
        {
          ImageWriterSpi spi = (ImageWriterSpi) provider;
          String[] formatNames = spi.getFormatNames();

          for (int i = formatNames.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
            if (formatName.equals(formatNames[i]))
              return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class WriterMIMETypeFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private String MIMEType;

    public WriterMIMETypeFilter(String MIMEType)
    {
      this.MIMEType = MIMEType;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageWriterSpi)
        {
          ImageWriterSpi spi = (ImageWriterSpi) provider;
          String[] mimetypes = spi.getMIMETypes();

          for (int i = mimetypes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
            if (MIMEType.equals(mimetypes[i]))
              return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class WriterSuffixFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private String fileSuffix;

    public WriterSuffixFilter(String fileSuffix)
    {
      this.fileSuffix = fileSuffix;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageWriterSpi)
        {
          ImageWriterSpi spi = (ImageWriterSpi) provider;
          String[] suffixes = spi.getFileSuffixes();

          for (int i = suffixes.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
            if (fileSuffix.equals(suffixes[i]))
              return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class WriterObjectFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private ImageTypeSpecifier type;
    private String formatName;

    public WriterObjectFilter(ImageTypeSpecifier type,
                              String formatName)
    {
      this.type = type;
      this.formatName = formatName;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageWriterSpi)
        {
          ImageWriterSpi spi = (ImageWriterSpi) provider;

          if (spi.canEncodeImage(type))
            {
              String[] formatNames = spi.getFormatNames();
              for (int i = formatNames.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
                if (formatName.equals(formatNames[i]))
                  return true;
            }
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class TranscoderFilter implements ServiceRegistry.Filter
  {
    private ImageReader reader;
    private ImageWriter writer;

    public TranscoderFilter(ImageReader reader,
                            ImageWriter writer)
    {
      this.reader = reader;
      this.writer = writer;
    }

    public boolean filter(Object provider)
    {
      if (provider instanceof ImageTranscoderSpi)
        {
          ImageTranscoderSpi spi = (ImageTranscoderSpi) provider;

          if (spi.getReaderServiceProviderName().equals
              (reader.getOriginatingProvider().getClass().getName())
              && spi.getWriterServiceProviderName().equals
              (writer.getOriginatingProvider().getClass().getName()))
            return true;
        }

      return false;
    }
  }

  private static final class ImageReaderIterator
    implements Iterator<ImageReader>
  {
    Iterator<ImageReaderSpi> it;
    Object readerExtension;

    public ImageReaderIterator(Iterator<ImageReaderSpi> it,
                               Object readerExtension)
    {
      this.it = it;
      this.readerExtension = readerExtension;
    }

    public ImageReaderIterator(Iterator<ImageReaderSpi> it)
    {
      this.it = it;
    }

    public boolean hasNext()
    {
      return it.hasNext();
    }

    public ImageReader next()
    {
      try
        {
          ImageReaderSpi spi = it.next();
          return (readerExtension == null
              ? spi.createReaderInstance()
              : spi.createReaderInstance(readerExtension));
        }
      catch (IOException e)
        {
          return null;
        }
    }

    public void remove()
    {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
  }

  private static final class ImageWriterIterator
    implements Iterator<ImageWriter>
  {
    Iterator<ImageWriterSpi> it;
    Object writerExtension;

    public ImageWriterIterator(Iterator<ImageWriterSpi> it,
                               Object writerExtension)
    {
      this.it = it;
      this.writerExtension = writerExtension;
    }

    public ImageWriterIterator(Iterator<ImageWriterSpi> it)
    {
      this.it = it;
    }

    public boolean hasNext()
    {
      return it.hasNext();
    }

    public ImageWriter next()
    {
      try
        {
          ImageWriterSpi spi = it.next();
          return (writerExtension == null
              ? spi.createWriterInstance()
              : spi.createWriterInstance(writerExtension));
        }
      catch (IOException e)
        {
          return null;
        }
    }

    public void remove()
    {
      throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
    }
  }

  private static File cacheDirectory;
  private static boolean useCache = true;

  private static Iterator<ImageReader> getReadersByFilter(Class<ImageReaderSpi> type,
                                                          ServiceRegistry.Filter filter,
                                                          Object readerExtension)
  {
    try
      {
        Iterator<ImageReaderSpi> it
          = getRegistry().getServiceProviders(type, filter, true);
        return new ImageReaderIterator(it, readerExtension);
      }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
        return Collections.EMPTY_SET.iterator();
      }
  }

  private static Iterator<ImageWriter> getWritersByFilter(Class<ImageWriterSpi> type,
                                                          ServiceRegistry.Filter filter,
                                                          Object writerExtension)
  {
    try
      {
        Iterator<ImageWriterSpi> it
          = getRegistry().getServiceProviders(type, filter, true);
        return new ImageWriterIterator(it, writerExtension);
      }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
        return Collections.EMPTY_SET.iterator();
      }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve the current cache directory.
   *
   * @return the current cache directory or null if none is set.
   */
  public static File getCacheDirectory()
  {
    return cacheDirectory;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over all registered readers for the given
   * format.
   *
   * @param formatName an infomal format name (e.g. "jpeg" or "bmp")
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image readers
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if formatName is null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageReader> getImageReadersByFormatName(String formatName)
  {
    if (formatName == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("formatName may not be null");

    return getReadersByFilter(ImageReaderSpi.class,
                              new ReaderFormatFilter(formatName),
                              formatName);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over all registered readers for the given
   * MIME type.
   *
   * @param MIMEType a MIME specification for an image type
   * (e.g. "image/jpeg" or "image/x-bmp")
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image readers
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if MIMEType is null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageReader> getImageReadersByMIMEType(String MIMEType)
  {
    if (MIMEType == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("MIMEType may not be null");

    return getReadersByFilter(ImageReaderSpi.class,
                              new ReaderMIMETypeFilter(MIMEType),
                              MIMEType);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over all registered readers for the given
   * file suffix.
   *
   * @param fileSuffix an image file suffix (e.g. "jpg" or "bmp")
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image readers
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if fileSuffix is null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageReader> getImageReadersBySuffix(String fileSuffix)
  {
    if (fileSuffix == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("formatName may not be null");

    return getReadersByFilter(ImageReaderSpi.class,
                              new ReaderSuffixFilter(fileSuffix),
                              fileSuffix);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over all registered writers for the given
   * format.
   *
   * @param formatName an infomal format name (e.g. "jpeg" or "bmp")
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image writers
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if formatName is null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageWriter> getImageWritersByFormatName(String formatName)
  {
    if (formatName == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("formatName may not be null");

    return getWritersByFilter(ImageWriterSpi.class,
                              new WriterFormatFilter(formatName),
                              formatName);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over all registered writers for the given
   * MIME type.
   *
   * @param MIMEType a MIME specification for an image type
   * (e.g. "image/jpeg" or "image/x-bmp")
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image writers
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if MIMEType is null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageWriter> getImageWritersByMIMEType(String MIMEType)
  {
    if (MIMEType == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("MIMEType may not be null");

    return getWritersByFilter(ImageWriterSpi.class,
                              new WriterMIMETypeFilter(MIMEType),
                              MIMEType);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over all registered writers for the given
   * file suffix.
   *
   * @param fileSuffix an image file suffix (e.g. "jpg" or "bmp")
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image writers
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if fileSuffix is null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageWriter> getImageWritersBySuffix(String fileSuffix)
  {
    if (fileSuffix == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("fileSuffix may not be null");

    return getWritersByFilter(ImageWriterSpi.class,
                              new WriterSuffixFilter(fileSuffix),
                              fileSuffix);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve all the informal format names supported by the
   * collection of registered image readers.
   *
   * @return an array of format names
   */
  public static String[] getReaderFormatNames()
  {
    try
      {
        Iterator it =
          getRegistry().getServiceProviders(ImageReaderSpi.class, true);
        ArrayList result = new ArrayList();

        while (it.hasNext())
          {
            ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) it.next();
            String[] names = spi.getFormatNames();

            for (int i = names.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
              result.add(names[i]);
          }

        return (String[]) result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
      }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
        return new String[0];
      }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve all the MIME types supported by the collection of
   * registered image readers.
   *
   * @return an array of MIME types
   */
  public static String[] getReaderMIMETypes()
  {
    try
      {
        Iterator it =
          getRegistry().getServiceProviders(ImageReaderSpi.class, true);
        ArrayList result = new ArrayList();

        while (it.hasNext())
          {
            ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) it.next();
            String[] names = spi.getMIMETypes();

            for (int i = names.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
              result.add(names[i]);
          }

        return (String[]) result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
      }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
        return new String[0];
      }
  }

  private static IIORegistry getRegistry()
  {
    return IIORegistry.getDefaultInstance();
  }

  /**
   * Check whether or not an on-disk cache is used for image input and
   * output streams.
   *
   * @return true if an on-disk cache is available, false otherwise
   */
  public static boolean getUseCache()
  {
    return useCache;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve all the informal format names supported by the
   * collection of registered image writers.
   *
   * @return an array of format names
   */
  public static String[] getWriterFormatNames()
  {
    try
      {
        Iterator it =
          getRegistry().getServiceProviders(ImageWriterSpi.class, true);
        ArrayList result = new ArrayList();

        while (it.hasNext())
          {
            ImageWriterSpi spi = (ImageWriterSpi) it.next();
            String[] names = spi.getFormatNames();

            for (int i = names.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
              result.add(names[i]);
          }

        return (String[]) result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
      }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
        return new String[0];
      }
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve all the MIME types supported by the collection of
   * registered image writers.
   *
   * @return an array of MIME types
   */
  public static String[] getWriterMIMETypes()
  {
    try
      {
        Iterator it =
          getRegistry().getServiceProviders(ImageWriterSpi.class, true);
        ArrayList result = new ArrayList();

        while (it.hasNext())
          {
            ImageWriterSpi spi = (ImageWriterSpi) it.next();
            String[] names = spi.getMIMETypes();

            for (int i = names.length - 1; i >= 0; --i)
              result.add(names[i]);
          }

        return (String[]) result.toArray(new String[result.size()]);
      }
    catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
      {
        return new String[0];
      }
  }

  /**
   * Rescans the application classpath for ImageIO service providers
   * and registers them.
   */
  public static void scanForPlugins()
  {
    IIORegistry.getDefaultInstance().registerApplicationClasspathSpis();
  }

  /**
   * Set the directory to be used for caching image data.  A null
   * argument means to use the default system temporary directory.
   * This cache directory is only used if getUseCache returns true.
   *
   * @param cacheDirectory the directory where image data should be
   * cached
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if cacheDirectory is not a
   * directory
   */
  public static void setCacheDirectory(File cacheDirectory)
  {
    // FIXME: add SecurityManager call
    if (cacheDirectory != null)
      {
        if (!cacheDirectory.isDirectory())
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("cacheDirectory must be a directory");

        cacheDirectory.canWrite();
      }

    ImageIO.cacheDirectory = cacheDirectory;
  }

  /**
   * Control whether or not an on-disk cache is used.  This cache is
   * used to store input or output data from an image data stream when
   * data in the stream needs to be re-processed.
   *
   * If useCache is false the cache will be stored in memory.  Doing
   * so eliminates file creation and deletion overhead.  The default
   * is to use an on-disk cache.
   *
   * @param useCache true to use an on-disk cache, false otherwise
   */
  public static void setUseCache(boolean useCache)
  {
    ImageIO.useCache = useCache;
  }

  /**
   * Write an image to a file using a registered writer that supports
   * the given format, overwriting the file if it already exists.
   *
   * @param im the image data to write
   * @param formatName an informal description of the output format
   * @param output the file to which the image will be written
   *
   * @return false if no registered writer supports the given format,
   * true otherwise
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if any argument is null
   * @exception IOException if a writing error occurs
   */
  public static boolean write(RenderedImage im,
                              String formatName,
                              File output)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (im == null || formatName == null || output == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    return write(im, formatName, new FileOutputStream(output));
  }

  /**
   * Write an image to an output stream using a registered writer that
   * supports the given format.
   *
   * @param im the image data to write
   * @param formatName an informal description of the output format
   * @param output the output stream to which the image will be
   * written
   *
   * @return false if no registered writer supports the given format,
   * true otherwise
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if any argument is null
   * @exception IOException if a writing error occurs
   */
  public static boolean write(RenderedImage im,
                              String formatName,
                              OutputStream output)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (im == null || formatName == null || output == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    return write(im, formatName, new MemoryCacheImageOutputStream(output));
  }

  /**
   * Write an image to an ImageOutputStream using a registered writer
   * that supports the given format.  Image data is written starting
   * at the ImageOutputStream's current stream pointer, overwriting
   * any existing data.
   *
   * @param im the image data to write
   * @param formatName an informal description of the output format
   * @param output the image output stream to which the image will be
   * written
   *
   * @return false if no registered writer supports the given format,
   * true otherwise
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if any argument is null
   * @exception IOException if a writing error occurs
   */
  public static boolean write(RenderedImage im,
                              String formatName,
                              ImageOutputStream output)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (im == null || formatName == null || output == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    Iterator writers = getImageWritersByFormatName(formatName);
    IIOImage img = new IIOImage(im, null, null);
    while (writers.hasNext())
      {
        ImageWriter w = (ImageWriter) writers.next();
        try
          {
            w.setOutput(output);
          }
        catch (IllegalArgumentException e)
          {
            continue;
          }

        w.write(null, img, null);
        w.dispose();
        output.close();
        return true;
      }
    return false;
  }

  /**
   * Create a buffered image from an image input stream.  An image
   * reader that supports the given image data is automatically
   * selected from the collection of registered readers.  If no
   * registered reader can handle the input format, null is returned.
   *
   * @param stream the image input stream from which to read image
   * data
   *
   * @return a new buffered image created from the given image data,
   * or null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if stream is null
   * @exception IOException if a reading error occurs
   */
  public static BufferedImage read(ImageInputStream stream)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (stream == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("null argument");

    Iterator providers = getRegistry().getServiceProviders(ImageReaderSpi.class, true);
    while (providers.hasNext())
      {
        ImageReaderSpi spi = (ImageReaderSpi) providers.next();
        if (spi.canDecodeInput(stream))
          {
            ImageReader reader = spi.createReaderInstance();
            reader.setInput(stream);
            return reader.read(0, null);
          }
      }
    return null;
  }

  /**
   * Create a buffered image from a URL.  An image reader that
   * supports the given image data is automatically selected from the
   * collection of registered readers.  If no registered reader can
   * handle the input format, null is returned.
   *
   * The image data will be cached in the current cache directory if
   * caching is enabled.
   *
   * This method does not locate readers that read data directly from
   * a URL.  To locate such readers manually, use IIORegistry and
   * ImageReaderSpi.
   *
   * @param input the URL from which to retrieve the image file
   *
   * @return a new buffered image created from the given image URL, or
   * null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if input is null
   * @exception IOException if a reading error occurs
   */
  public static BufferedImage read(URL input)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (input == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("null argument");

    return read(input.openStream());
  }

  /**
   * Create a buffered image from an input stream.  An image reader
   * that supports the given image data is automatically selected from
   * the collection of registered readers.  If no registered reader
   * can handle the input format, null is returned.
   *
   * The image data will be cached in the current cache directory if
   * caching is enabled.
   *
   * This method does not locate readers that read data directly from
   * an input stream.  To locate such readers manually, use
   * IIORegistry and ImageReaderSpi.
   *
   * @param input the input stream from which to read the image data
   *
   * @return a new buffered image created from the given input stream,
   * or null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if input is null
   * @exception IOException if a reading error occurs
   */
  public static BufferedImage read(InputStream input)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (input == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("null argument");

    return read(new MemoryCacheImageInputStream(input));
  }

  /**
   * Create a buffered image from a file.  An image reader that
   * supports the given image data is automatically selected from the
   * collection of registered readers.  If no registered reader can
   * handle the input format, null is returned.
   *
   * The image data will be cached in the current cache directory if
   * caching is enabled.
   *
   * This method does not locate readers that read data directly from
   * a file.  To locate such readers manually, use IIORegistry and
   * ImageReaderSpi.
   *
   * @param input the file from which to read image data
   *
   * @return a new buffered image created from the given image file,
   * or null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if input is null
   * @exception IOException if a reading error occurs
   */
  public static BufferedImage read(File input)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (input == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("null argument");

    return read(new FileInputStream(input));
  }

  /**
   * Create an image input stream from the given object.  The
   * collection of ImageInputStreamSpis registered with the
   * IIORegistry is searched for an image input stream that can take
   * input from the given object.  null is returned if no such SPI is
   * registered.
   *
   * The image data will be cached in the current cache directory if
   * caching is enabled.
   *
   * @param input an object from which to read image data
   *
   * @return an ImageInputStream that can read data from input, or
   * null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if input is null
   * @exception IOException if caching is required but not enabled
   */
  public static ImageInputStream createImageInputStream (Object input)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (input == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    Iterator spis = getRegistry().getServiceProviders
      (ImageInputStreamSpi.class, true);

    ImageInputStreamSpi foundSpi = null;

    while(spis.hasNext())
      {
        ImageInputStreamSpi spi = (ImageInputStreamSpi) spis.next();

        if (input.getClass().equals(spi.getInputClass()))
          {
            foundSpi = spi;
            break;
          }
      }

    return foundSpi == null ? null :
      foundSpi.createInputStreamInstance (input,
                                          getUseCache(),
                                          getCacheDirectory());
  }

  /**
   * Create an image output stream from the given object.  The
   * collection of ImageOutputStreamSpis registered with the
   * IIORegistry is searched for an image output stream that can send
   * output to the given object.  null is returned if no such SPI is
   * registered.
   *
   * The image data will be cached in the current cache directory if
   * caching is enabled.
   *
   * @param output an object to which to write image data
   *
   * @return an ImageOutputStream that can send data to output, or
   * null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if output is null
   * @exception IOException if caching is required but not enabled
   */
  public static ImageOutputStream createImageOutputStream (Object output)
    throws IOException
  {
    if (output == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    Iterator spis = getRegistry().getServiceProviders
      (ImageOutputStreamSpi.class, true);

    ImageOutputStreamSpi foundSpi = null;

    while(spis.hasNext())
      {
        ImageOutputStreamSpi spi = (ImageOutputStreamSpi) spis.next();

        if (output.getClass().equals(spi.getOutputClass()))
          {
            foundSpi = spi;
            break;
          }
      }

    return foundSpi == null ? null :
      foundSpi.createOutputStreamInstance (output,
                                           getUseCache(),
                                           getCacheDirectory());
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an image reader corresponding to an image writer, or
   * null if writer is not registered or if no corresponding reader is
   * registered.
   *
   * @param writer a registered image writer
   *
   * @return an image reader corresponding to writer, or null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if writer is null
   */
  public static ImageReader getImageReader (ImageWriter writer)
  {
    if (writer == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    ImageWriterSpi spi = writer.getOriginatingProvider();

    String[] readerSpiNames = spi.getImageReaderSpiNames();

    ImageReader r = null;

    if (readerSpiNames != null)
      {
        try
          {
            Class readerClass = Class.forName (readerSpiNames[0]);
            r = (ImageReader) readerClass.newInstance ();
          }
        catch (Exception e)
          {
            return null;
          }
      }
    return r;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over the collection of registered image
   * readers that support reading data from the given object.
   *
   * @param input the object for which to retrieve image readers
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image readers
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageReader> getImageReaders (Object input)
  {
    if (input == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    Iterator<ImageReaderSpi> spiIterator
      = getRegistry().getServiceProviders (ImageReaderSpi.class,
                                           new ReaderObjectFilter(input),
                                           true);
    return new ImageReaderIterator(spiIterator);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over the collection of registered image
   * writers that support writing images of the given type and in the
   * given format.
   *
   * @param type the output image's colour and sample models
   * @param formatName the output image format
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image writers
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageWriter> getImageWriters (ImageTypeSpecifier type,
                                          String formatName)
  {
    if (type == null || formatName == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    final Iterator<ImageWriterSpi> spiIterator
      = getRegistry().getServiceProviders (ImageWriterSpi.class,
                                           new WriterObjectFilter(type,
                                                                  formatName),
                                                                  true);
    return new ImageWriterIterator(spiIterator);
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an image writer corresponding to an image reader, or
   * null if reader is not registered or if no corresponding writer is
   * registered.  This method is useful for preserving metadata
   * without needing to understand its format, since the returned
   * writer will be able to write, unchanged, the metadata passed to
   * it by the reader.
   *
   * @param reader a registered image reader
   *
   * @return an image writer corresponding to reader, or null
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if reader is null
   */
  public static ImageWriter getImageWriter (ImageReader reader)
  {
    if (reader == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    ImageReaderSpi spi = reader.getOriginatingProvider();

    String[] writerSpiNames = spi.getImageWriterSpiNames();

    ImageWriter w = null;

    if (writerSpiNames != null)
      {
        try
          {
            Class writerClass = Class.forName (writerSpiNames[0]);
            w = (ImageWriter) writerClass.newInstance ();
          }
        catch (Exception e)
          {
            return null;
          }
      }
    return w;
  }

  /**
   * Retrieve an iterator over a collection of image transcoders that
   * support transcoding from the given image reader's metadata format
   * to the given writer's metadata format.
   *
   * @param reader an image reader
   * @param writer an image writer
   *
   * @return an iterator over a collection of image transcoders
   *
   * @exception IllegalArgumentException if either reader or writer is
   * null
   */
  public static Iterator<ImageTranscoder> getImageTranscoders (ImageReader reader,
                                                               ImageWriter writer)
  {
    if (reader == null || writer == null)
      throw new IllegalArgumentException ("null argument");

    final Iterator<ImageTranscoderSpi> spiIterator
      = getRegistry().getServiceProviders (ImageTranscoderSpi.class,
                                           new TranscoderFilter (reader,
                                                                 writer),
                                           true);
    return new Iterator<ImageTranscoder>()
    {
      public boolean hasNext()
      {
        return spiIterator.hasNext();
      }

      public ImageTranscoder next()
      {
        return spiIterator.next().createTranscoderInstance();
      }

      public void remove()
      {
        throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
      }
    };
  }
}