# Partial moves

Within the [destructuring] of a single variable, both `by-move` and
`by-reference` pattern bindings can be used at the same time. Doing
this will result in a _partial move_ of the variable, which means
that parts of the variable will be moved while other parts stay. In
such a case, the parent variable cannot be used afterwards as a
whole, however the parts that are only referenced (and not moved)
can still be used. Note that types that implement the
[`Drop` trait][droptrait] cannot be partially moved from, because
its `drop` method would use it afterwards as a whole.


```rust,editable
fn main() {
    #[derive(Debug)]
    struct Person {
        name: String,
        age: Box<u8>,
    }

    // Error! cannot move out of a type which implements the `Drop` trait
    //impl Drop for Person {
    //    fn drop(&mut self) {
    //        println!("Dropping the person struct {:?}", self)
    //    }
    //}
    // TODO ^ Try uncommenting these lines

    let person = Person {
        name: String::from("Alice"),
        age: Box::new(20),
    };

    // `name` is moved out of person, but `age` is referenced
    let Person { name, ref age } = person;

    println!("The person's age is {}", age);

    println!("The person's name is {}", name);

    // Error! borrow of partially moved value: `person` partial move occurs
    //println!("The person struct is {:?}", person);

    // `person` cannot be used but `person.age` can be used as it is not moved
    println!("The person's age from person struct is {}", person.age);
}
```

(In this example, we store the `age` variable on the heap to
illustrate the partial move: deleting `ref` in the above code would
give an error as the ownership of `person.age` would be moved to the
variable `age`. If `Person.age` were stored on the stack, `ref` would
not be required as the definition of `age` would copy the data from
`person.age` without moving it.)

### See also:

[destructuring][destructuring]

[droptrait]: ../../trait/drop.md
[destructuring]: ../../flow_control/match/destructuring.md